Assessment ofdeltamethrin-induced DNA damage, neurotoxic and neuroimmune effects inthe brain tissue ofbrown trout (Salmo trutta fario).

Abstract

This study investigated the impact ofdeltamethrin (DM) toxicity onbrown trout (Salmo trutta fario), examining its effects onthe immune system, including the white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (Lym), total immunoglobulin (T.Ig), and lysozyme levels, aswell asits neurotoxic consequences onthe brain tissue. Theneurotoxic effects encompassed oxidative stress, the activity ofthe antioxidant enzymes, such asthe superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and DNA damage using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The DM exposure led toelevated levels ofmalondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-OHdG, while concurrently causing areduction inthe AChE activity, protein and lipid content, WBC count, Lym, lysozyme activity, T.Ig levels, aswell asthe SOD and CAT levels inthe brain tissues ofgroups2 and 3 when compared tothose ingroup1. Insummary, the findings ofthis study strongly indicate that DM induces DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity inthe brain tissue ofbrown trout, primarily due tothe excessive production ofreactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the observed dose-dependent responses ofDM tothe environmental concentrations onall theinvestigated parameters suggest its potential utility inaquaculture risk assessment.