Abstract
The capability of symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes against the termite, Microtermes mycophagus D. (Isoptera: Termitidae), was assessed. Different fractions of Pakistani isolates of entomopathogenic bacteria viz., Xenorhabdus indica strain (Pak.S.B.50), X. indica strain (Pak.S.B.56), X. stockiae strain (Pak.S.B. 65), and X. steinernematis strain (C.B.10) were assessed against M. mycophagus by direct contact method (spraying method) and sand assay in laboratory conditions. Mortality response of cell-free filtrates after 24 h at 20 °C for X. indica (Pak.S.B.50), T2 = X. indica (Pak.S.B.56), T3 = X. stockiae (Pak.S.B. 65), and T4 = X. steinernematis (C.B.10) ranged (88.3–100%) as 33 ± 9.34, 98.33 ± 6.22, 88.33 ± 7.22, and 100.00% ± 0.00, respectively. In the case of sand assay, the most effective treatment was T4, where (100%) mortality rate was recorded 24 h post application of B.S. (bacterial suspension) (4 × 104 CFU/ml) and CFF (cell-free filtrate) (100 μl/10 ml) at 20 and 25 °C.
Highlights
The termite, Microtermes mycophagus D. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae), is a cosmopolitan pest of wood and wood products that can be distinguished by its colonial behavior
Isolation of bacteria from insect hemolymph To isolate bacteria from hemolymph, G. mellonella larvae were inoculated by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) (Table 1) 100 IJs in a Petri dish lined with moistened filter paper
Effect of different application method for controlling the termite Pakistani isolates of entomopathogenic bacteria viz., Xenorhabdus indica (Pak.S.B.50), X. indica (Pak.S.B.56), X. stockiae (Pak.S.B. 65), and X. steinernematis (C.B.10) were assessed against M. mycophagus by direct contact method and sand assay in a laboratory experiment
Summary
The termite, Microtermes mycophagus D. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae), is a cosmopolitan pest of wood and wood products that can be distinguished by its colonial behavior. Colony members are distinctly varied morphologically, i.e., propagative (king and queen), soldiers, and workers. Biocontrol agents are environment friendly and proficient in working but its cost effective feature is debatable. Abiotic factors such as warm and moist favored by subterranean termites, which promote epizootics, have the potential for biological control (Verma et al, 2009). Iqbal et al Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2020) 30:25 resulted in significant response of parasitization (47% after 4 days) and 100% mortality after 12 days under lab conditions. After laboratory exposure to S. carpocapsae; further termites were serve as vectors for EPN that take back to their colonies. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus species as biopesticide against the termite, M. mycophagus, under laboratory conditions
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