Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the oral cavity status in patients with terminal chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 69 patients with end-stage CKD undergoing haemodialysis regime. The data regarding the age, gender, environment, associated diseases were obtained from the clinical medical histories. The patients were submitted to clinical examination, which also included the periodontal probing and the gingival bleeding assessment. The type of edentulous ridge was recorded. Each patient filled a questionnaire offering data regarding the oral hygiene habits, diet, bad habits and the presence/absence of xerostomia. Results and Discussion: The main cause for end-stage CKD was renal, followed by diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The main associated diseases to CKD were clearly secondary arterial hypertension and secondary anaemia; other associated diseases were represented by cardiac diseases, hepatitis, gastro-intestinal diseases, secondary hyperparathyroidism, cirrhosis, hypersplenism, epilepsy and neoplastic diseases. 62.31% of the patients accused frequent xerostomia. When recording the edentulous type, we observed a high percentage of complete tooth loss. Conclusions: There is a close link between the systemic changes in the CKD patient and the oral manifestations. Even 2 of the main causes of CKD (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) exert important changes on the tissues in the oral cavity, leading to significant tooth loss and masticatory impairment, thus, to a poor quality of life.
Highlights
Despite the succinct definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - clinically-relevant structural kidney changes or urinary abnormalities, with or without reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate and the implementation of strategies to control this disease, its prevalence has rapidly increased[1].Approximately 10-15% of the global adult population is affected by CKD2,3
Poor oral health, which is related to advanced age and diabetes mellitus, may constitute an under-recognized novel risk factor, because recent studies have shown how periodontitis associates with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in the general population[8], as well as in haemodialysis (HD) patients[9]
As a consequence of a number of uraemic metabolic, hormonal and immunological imbalances, CKD patients suffer from numerous systemic complications that may contribute to poor oral health[10]
Summary
Despite the succinct definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - clinically-relevant structural kidney changes or urinary abnormalities, with or without reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and the implementation of strategies to control this disease, its prevalence has rapidly increased[1].Approximately 10-15% of the global adult population is affected by CKD2,3. In addition to an increasing prevalence, CKD is associated with markedly. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is often due to or combined with atherosclerosis and infectious complications, is the main cause of death in patients with CKD. Balk J Dent Med, Vol 19, 2015 specific risk factors coexist in CKD and contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in CKD population[7]. Poor oral health, which is related to advanced age and diabetes mellitus, may constitute an under-recognized novel risk factor, because recent studies have shown how periodontitis associates with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in the general population[8], as well as in haemodialysis (HD) patients[9]. As a consequence of a number of uraemic metabolic, hormonal and immunological imbalances, CKD patients suffer from numerous systemic complications that may contribute to poor oral health[10]
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