Assessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and MIC of cinnamon bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts against bacteria

IntroductionBecause of resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs activity, the research on herbal substances with antifungal activity is frequent. Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is a member of Verbenaceae family. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-candida activities of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the lemon verbena leaves and compare them with nystatin and fluconazole.MethodsIn this 2015 study, 15 clinical isolates and standard strain of candida albicans PTCC 5027 were used, and the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, Nystatin and Fluconazole, were evaluated using disk and well diffusion methods. Also, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Five concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (156–2500 μg/ml), Nystatin (8–128 μg/ml) and Fluconazole (4–64 μg/ml) were used in disk and well diffusion methods, and nine concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (19–5000 μg/ml), Nystatin (0.5–128 μg/ml), and Fluconazole (0.25–64 μg/ml) were applied for MIC. Data were analyzed using Tukey’s post-hoc and one-way ANOVA tests. The significant level was considered p < 0.05 in the current study.ResultsIn the well and disk diffusion techniques, limited growth inhibition halos were produced around some clinical isolates at different concentrations of ethanolic extract; however, no growth inhibitory halo was observed with any concentrations of the aqueous extract. The MIC values of ethanolic extract, aqueous extract, Nystatin and Fluconazole for clinical isolated and standard strain were 833 ± 78.5and 625μg/ml; 4156 ± 67.4 and 2500 μg/ml; 10.13 ± 1.91 and 4 μg/ml; and 1.97 ± 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively.ConclusionThe results showed that the ethanolic extract was stronger than the aqueous extract of this plant, which can be used as an alternative for drugs. It is recommended that the ethanolic extract of this plant be investigated in vivo for better evaluation of its efficacy and properties.

The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious agents has lead to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the phytochemicals present in the plant. These phytochemicals are the most vital sources for the treatment of destructive diseases. Different phytochemicals have an extensive range of activities, which helps to enhance the immune system and give resistance against long term disease to protect the body from harmful pathogens. To determine the antibacterial activity of <i>Citrus sinensis</i> and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> on wound isolated from Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis Kaduna Nigeria was the main purpose of this study. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of powdered <i>C. sinensis</i> peel and fresh fruit of <i>S. lycopersicum</i> were used for the qualitative measurement of various phytochemicals present in these plants. The phytochemical screening of the extracts yielded positive results for carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, triterpene, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Wound swab samples of patients from five (5) selected hospitals within Kaduna metropolis yielded <i>Bacillus cereus, Myroides Species</i> and <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i>. The <i>Citrus sinensis</i> ethanolic and aqueous extracts as well as the <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> ethanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the three pathogenic bacteria of wound origin. The result of the tests indicate that orange peel ethanolic extract, tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> 22mm, 20mm and 15mm respectively while highest inhibition of orange peel aqueous extract 19.5mm was recorded for <i>Myroides spp</i>. Lowest inhibition of tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract were recorded for <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i> 15.2mm and 13.17mm respectively. Orange peel ethanolic extract and orange peel aqueous extract did not inhibit the growth of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i> respectively. Extracts which exhibited high activities against one or several pathogenic wound isolates were further assayed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The present study concludes that orange peel ethanolic, tomato aqueous and tomato ethanolic extracts showed highest antibacterial activity against the organism <i>Bacillus cereus</i> while orange peel aqueous showed highest antibacterial activity against <i>Myroide spp</i>. and there was a significant difference in the level of inhibition among the organisms isolated.

Background. In this study antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Juglans regia bark in Iran was evaluated on four different oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Juglans regia bark were prepared by using disk diffusion technique and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Tetracycline 30 μg and Erythromycin 15 μg were used as positive control and water as negative control in disk diffusion and MIC methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Results. The results showed that S. sanguis and S. mutans were the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria against ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extract had significant antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show antibacterial effect on S. mutans, in contrast to ethanolic extract. Aqueous extract had significantly antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis compared to control (P < 0.0001), but it did not show effect on S. mutans when compared with Erythromycin. According to the obtained MIC values, ethanol extract of Juglans regia bark had the lowest rate. Conclusion. The results may provide the basis for using natural antimicrobial substance for oral hygiene prophylaxis purposes.

Rosa foetida Herrm. is one of the native Rosa species in Iran known as Iranian yellow rose. The main growth area of this plant in Iran is the western parts especially Kurdistan. It is used for kidney disorders treatment and as a source of vitamin C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of free radical scavenging, determination of phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of yellow rose flowers. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of extracts of yellow rose were determined using ABTS free radical scavenging assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. Dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed a significant positive correlation between free radical scavenging percentage and the concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). In the range of 0.39-12.50 mg ml-1 concentrations, the aqueous extract had more antioxidant activity than ethanolic extract (P<0.05). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was calculated to be 217.069 and 223.116 μmol, respectively. The results of total phenolic compounds test in extracts showed a positive and significant relationship between the concentration of the extracts and their phenolic compounds content, and the aqueous extract contained more phenolic compounds as compared with the ethanolic extract (P<0.05). The highest antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica, respectively (P<0.05). Due to the favorable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this plant, its use as a natural additive in the food industry is recommended.

Dorema aucheri is a plant that grows in Iran. In Persian it is called (Bilhar). This experimental study was carried out at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. After collection and preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dorema aucheri (Bilhar), The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bilhar was evaluated against 7 laboratory strains of microorganisms, including 4 Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes , Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis ) and 3 Gram negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris ). Its effects against human pathogen microorganism were determined using “Spreading of the Extract on Medium Surface” and “Disk Agar Diffusion Method”, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) were determined for this extract. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA. The zone of inhibition for the ethanolic extract varied from 8 mm for P. aeruginosa to 24 mm for S. pyogenes and from 7 mm for P. aeruginosa to 19 mm for S.pyogenes in the aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 2 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml while the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) ranged between 4 mg/ml and 256 mg/ml. Among of tested strains, P. aeruginosa has maximum MIC and MBC. 30 and 40 mg/mL Concentrations of Redcurrant have significant antimicrobial effect on bacteria. Antibacterial effect of extracts was decreased with decrease of extract concentration in disk. According to result, ethanolic extract of Dorema aucheri have antimicrobial effect on growth of all of the strains exposed analyzes and antimicrobial effect of that was maximum on Gram-positive bacterum of S. pyogenes . P. aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Bilhar extracts. The present study demonstrated that the ethanol leaf extract of Dorema aucheri hold an excellent potential as an antibacterial agent.

Oral health encompasses the condition of the mouth, teeth, and related facial structures, enabling vital activities such as eating, breathing, and speaking. It also includes psychological and social factors such as self-esteem, overall well-being, and the ability to interact and work without experiencing pain, discomfort, or embarrassment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) on certain bacteria known to cause dental caries. Among the tested bacteria, Lactobacillus casei showed the greatest sensitivity to the ethanolic clove extract, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 20 mm. The aqueous extract, however, showed lower inhibition, ranging from 8 to 14 mm. For Streptococcus mutans, the aqueous extract showed higher antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 4-8 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Lactobacillus casei was 125 mg/mL. In the case of Streptococcus mutans, the aqueous extract exhibited an MIC of 62.5 mg/mL, whereas the ethanolic extract exhibited an MIC of 250 mg/mL.Regarding minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the aqueous and ethanolic extracts required concentrations of 250 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL, respectively, to kill Lactobacillus casei. The ethanolic extract also had an MBC of 500 mg/mL against Streptococcus mutans. These results suggest that extracts from Syzygium aromaticum possess significant antibacterial properties, particularly when extracted with water, emphasising their potential as alternative antibacterial agents for oral health.

The formation of bacterial biofilm on surfaces associated with food processing is of particular concern. Due to the health concerns associated with the production of biofilm on food-related surfaces and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of oregano, spearmint, and thyme extracts against biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Salmonella typhimurium. Spearmint, oregano, and thyme plants were freshly prepared, dried, and ground. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants were extracted by soaking. The amount of phenolic compound of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined. The biofilm inhibition and destruction by the extracts were studied using the microdilution method. The results showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds among ethanolic and aqueous extracts belonged to oregano and thyme extracts, respectively. The results also showed that the lowest effective concentration of the extracts on L. monocytogenes was by thyme aqueous extract with MIC and MBC of 1.8 and 2%, respectively, and for oregano ethanolic extract was 1.2 and 1.4%. The most significant biofilm inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and E. coli O157: H7 was observed for thyme aqueous extract and oregano ethanolic extract. The results of the present study indicate that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of spearmint, oregano, and thyme plants have inhibitory and disruptive effects on biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, these natural antimicrobial compounds can be used to control and prevent biofilm formation in the food industry.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts on different type of dental plaque microorganisms. Screening study was performed to detect the potential antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, S. mutans, Lactobacillus and dental plaque pool samples. From the screening test, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined. The lowest MIC value was 25 mg/ml of aqueous and 12.5 mg/ml of ethanol extract for S. aureus. The highest MIC values were seen in dental plaque anaerobic pool samples with 300 mg/ml of aqueous extract and 150 mg/ml of ethanol extract. The MIC values for aqueous extracts ranged from 25 to 300 mg/ml where as ethanol extract ranged from 12.5 to 150 mg/ml. The high concentration of ethanol extract, 100 mg/ml in the fixed plant concentration test showed the most inhibition effect for all the organisms tested. Generally, the Cinnamomum zeylanicum ethanol extracts demonstrated a stronger antibacterial activity compared to the aqueous extract. This study also compares the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine with the plant extracts but chlorhexidine showed a higher antibacterial effect on the microorganisms where almost all organisms inhibited The morphological structures of S. mutans Lactobacillus were observed under SEM before and after treatment with Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts and chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash. This study did not detect any physical changes occurring in shapes and structures of the bacteria after treatment with Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts. The scanning electron micrograph of bacteria after treatment with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash showed visible changes in the shapes and structures of the bacteria. Cinnamomum zeylanicum present promising antibacterial properties which could be used to inhibit dental plaque formation

Background: Traditional medicine has employed Azadirachta indica to treat a variety of ailments. However, there is little information on the use of this plant in Zambia. Objective: To evaluate the phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts against Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: This was a laboratory-based experimental study in which ethanol and water were used for extraction by maceration. Phytochemical analysis was then done on the leaf extract. Using the disc diffusion method, varying concentrations of A. indica aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used to test the antibacterial activity of A. indica against Escherichia coli. The sensitivity of the tested microorganisms to aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts was shown by zones of inhibition after incubation. Results: The phytochemical screening of the A. indica leaves revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins in both the ethanol and aqueous extract. Saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids were only present in the aqueous extract. While steroids were only present in the ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity of A. indica leaves extract was determined by zones of inhibition which showed that both aqueous and ethanol extracts had activity against E. coli. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined at 10 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 20 mg/mL for the ethanol extract. The zones of inhibition increased with concentration. Conclusion: The extracts of A. indica displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. Comparatively, the aqueous extract produced better antibacterial properties against E. coli than the ethanolic extract.

Asphodelus fistulosus (A. fistulosus) is a wild plant grows in Jordan. Traditionally, it is used to treat different medical conditions and diseases such as respiratory ailments, against burns and dermatomucosal infections.This study aims to find out the effects of A. fistulosus aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts on Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as gram negative bacteria and to investigate which one will be affected either by aqueous and/or ethanolic crude extracts of A. fistulosus shooting parts that were collected from Jerash in the north of Jordan. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts. In addition, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as well as MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined against both types of bacteria. The results showed that flower aqueous extract of A. fistulosus was very effective against E. coli (20.0 ± 0.50) mm and caused a (14.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition to S. aureus. The ethanolic extract of stem was very effective cauesed a (19.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition in both bacterial species. Respectively, both S. aureus and E. coli were inhibited by ethanolic and aqueous extracts (mixture1 and mixture2) (15.0 ± 0.00 mm and 10.5 ± 0.50 mm). The highest antimbacterial activity was observed for the leaves aqueous extract against E.coli (0.06120 mg/mL). The obtained MIC values from A. fistulosus parts extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity ranged between 7.606 and 0.06120 mg/mL. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in the leaves aqueous extract against E. coli.The MBC value of stem aqueous extract was 5.00 mg/mL against both S. aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves gave MBC values 5.00 mg/mL, and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively, against E. coli.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is good inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanolic of A. fistulosus shooting parts extracts on growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Adding to that, stem ethanolic extract has the most effective against S. aureus while aqueous extract of flower has the most effective against E. coli.So, it is recommended to have further future studies on the A. fistulosus shooting parts crude extract bioactive components and the mechanism of how these constituents affect these types of bacteria.

Context: Plant from the Lamiaceae family are considered as dietary spices and medicinal herbs traditionally used in medicine for the treatment of several pathologies. Objective: Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of nine Moroccan plants from the Lamiaceae family against six bacterial strains regularly implicated in toxiinfection. Method: The antibacterial activities of hot (HAE), cold (CAE) aqueous extracts and ethanolic extracts (EE) were evaluated using agar-well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and IC 50 against six foodborne bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed as well. Results: In the present study, the ethanol extracts were rich in polyphenols, with middling values of flavonoids, and relatively poor in condensed tannins. The presence of saponins, essential oils, irroides, alkaloids, anthocyanins, and aldehydes was recorded. The effect of the extracts was directly bactericidal for B. cereus and L. monocytogenes; for the other strains, the MBC value was twice higher than that of MIC. However, the ethanol extract (EE) of O. majorana and T. satureioides showed the highest antibacterial activity. With the principal component analysis, it was demonstrated that the nine Lamiaceae family plants possess a powerful antibacterial effect, correlated with their phenolic content. Statistical analysis : Analysis of variance was performed by uni-varied ANOVA in the software SPSS 22 Fr. Conclusion : The active compounds were thermostable and soluble in ethanol and water. The antimicrobial activities of the plants extracts investigated may contribute to understand their involvement in traditional medicine against many microbial infections.

ABSTRACTDental caries is a highly prevalent chronic condition globally. In recent years, scientists have turned to natural compounds such as plant extracts as an alternative to address concerns related to biofilm‐mediated disease transmission, increasing bacterial resistance, and the adverse impacts of antibiotics. Consequently, this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 ppm) against seven bacteria commonly associated with dental decay. The hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against S. mutans (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.24 mg/mL), while the ethanolic extract exhibited the most potent activity against S. sanguinis (MIC = 1.55 mg/mL). For S. sobrinus, the ethanolic extract was the most effective (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL), whereas the hydromethanolic extract displayed the highest efficacy against S. salivarius (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL). S. aureus was most susceptible to the ethanolic extract (MIC = 1.9 mg/mL), whereas the aqueous extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial effect against S. epidermidis (MIC = 2.03 mg/mL). Finally, the ethanolic extract exhibited the maximum efficacy against L. fermentum (MIC = 1.36 mg/mL). Overall, the ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against all tested bacteria, followed by the hydroethanolic extract, while the aqueous extract showed comparatively lower effectiveness. Therefore, depending on the specific target bacteria, it is suggested to combine the antibacterial extract of T. polium with the most effective solvent to effectively combat the bacteria responsible for dental decay. The study found that mouthwashes containing ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 2.44 mg/L, effectively inhibited the growth of all oral bacteria contributing to dental caries. Future research should explore T. polium extracts' mechanisms of action against oral pathogens, their practical applications, and their efficacy against conventional treatments, paving the way for innovative dental therapies.

The antibacterial effects of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against food spoilage bacteria Salmonella typhimurium DT104, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were examined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against these bacteria were in the range of 112-144, 72-96, and 24-44 microg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid content in roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts was 2.8 +/- 0.7 and 11.9 +/- 1.2 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity of roselle calyx ethanol extract and protocatechuic acid was not affected by heat treatments from 25 degrees to 75 degrees C and 25 degrees to 100 degrees C, respectively. After 3 days storage at 25 degrees C, the addition of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects against test bacteria in ground beef and apple juice, in which the roselle calyx ethanol extract showed greater antibacterial effects than the aqueous extract. These data suggest that roselle calyx ethanol extract and protocatechuic acid might be potent agents as food additives to prevent contamination from these bacteria.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious global problem and includes strains of beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Novel antimicrobials and/or new approaches to combat the problem are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of 23 medical plants species of Golestan province on clinical and standard stains of MRSA and MSSA. Twenty three medicinal plants were collected from their natural habitat in Golestan province in north of Iran. Their ethanolic and aqueous extract obtained by percolation methods. Antibacterial effects were assessed by disk diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by the micro broth dilution against 14 clinical and standard strains of methicillin resistant and sensitive of Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic and aqueous extract of 8, 3 plants showed best anti staphylococcal effect, respectively. The ethanolic extract of Artemisia, herbaalba, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum, possed the most outstanding in vitro antibacterial activity which the maximum inhibition zone was 22.4-18 mm, respectively and the lowest MIC values was measured in Punica granatum, as 0.01 mg mL-1 against MRSA The results showed that ethanolic extract had better antibacterial effect than aqueous extract and anti staphylococcal activity of Ethanolic extract of plants against MRSA was better than MSSA strains. Ethanolic and aqueous extract of Punica granatum had the best antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result obtained from these plants might be considered sufficient for further studies. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

The use of spices in the treatment of diseases has not been fully exploited. Ethanol and aqueous extract of the following spices: Garlic (Alium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Thyme (Thymus vulgaries), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Lime leaf (Citrus aurantifolia), Curry (Murraya koenigii), Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), Red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and Tumeric (Curcuma longa) were tested for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, using agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/mL. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), synergistic effect of two spices in the same family and antimicrobial sensitivity were also determined. Aqueous and ethanol extract of cinnamon were the most effective against the test organism with zones of inhibition between 9mm to 25mm; closely followed by tumeric which also showed good inhibitory effect on the test organisms except that the aqueous and ethanol extract did not have any effect on E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Garlic–onion aqueous extract inhibited the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging between 9mm to 24mm. Ginger - tumeric aqueous extract did not have any effect on E. coli and S. aureus. The MIC for aqueous and ethanol extract of cinnamon was 3.125mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively. E. coli was highly susceptible to gentamicin than the remaining two organisms. This work has shown that both cinnamon and turmeric can be used as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of some diseases.