Assessment of hybrid populations of fodder beans by the main economic and biological indicators

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Purpose. To evaluate F1 hybrids of fodder beans by the manifestation of heterosis and the nature of inheritance of productivity traits for subsequent use in the creation of high-yielding varieties. Methods. Field, visual morphometric, weight, statistical. Results. The results of studies on the manifestation of the effect of heterosis and the nature of inheritance of economic and biological traits of fodder beans are presented, 21 initial forms and 14 F1 hybrids were studied in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of hybridological analysis, it was found that the inheritance of seed productivity traits in F1 hybrids has a predominantly heterotic effect, in 10 combinations for the traits “aboveground plant weight”, “number of productive nodes”, “number of beans per plant”, “weight of seeds from one plant” positive overdominance was revealed, the hybrids have better indicators than both parental forms. It was established that in F1 hybrids of fodder beans, the inheritance of the trait “plant height” occurs according to all types, however, intermediate inheritance, positive and negative overdominance prevails. The nature of the inheritance of the indicator “height of attachment of the lower bean” is largely determined by the combination of parental components, in most cases it occurs according to the type “negative and positive overdominance”, “intermediate inheritance”. Conclusions. Promising hybrid material was identified according to the following productivity characteristics: “number of productive nodes”, “number of beans per plant”, “number of seeds per plant”, “weight of seeds per plant”, the inheritance of which characteristics has a predominantly heterotic effect – K-387/Fine-grained fodder, Yigheva/Soving, K-1160/K-1464, Dacre/K-1734, Vizir/ICAWHITE, Maxime/Bilun, K-1160/K-387. According to the characteristics of suitability for mechanized harvesting, two hybrid combinations were distinguished, in which the height of plants and the height of the lower bean attachment were inherited by the type of superdominance – Dacre/K-1734, Kachayakinski/Fribo. The created and selected hybrid material can be used in practical breeding.