Assessment of Ecological State of a River by the Visual Test Method (by Example of the Vorskla River within the Sumy Region Limits)

It is indicated that Ukraine is distinguished not only by its vast territories, which place it among the largest states in Europe, but also by its extremely advantageous geographical position. The country is crossed by an extensive network of rivers, it is rich in lakes and washed by sea waters. Water is not just a natural component, but a life-giving resource that ensures the existence of all living organisms and forms the basis of natural treasures. Thanks to this, Ukraine has an extremely diverse natural wealth with picturesque landscapes, among which there are truly unique corners of nature. The article examines the legal principles of state regulation of coastal protection zones in Ukraine. The relevance of this study is determined and substantiated. The conducted study made it possible to determine the features of the legal regime of coastal protection zones. The legal conditions for establishing such zones are determined, taking into account different types of water bodies. Problems of legal understanding of the concepts of coastal protection zones and water protection zones are identified. The legal conditions for the delimitation of these concepts are identified and shown. A general analysis of those legal elements of water and land resource protection in Ukraine that have been formed today is carried out. The importance of defining and observing the legal regime of coastal protection zones and ensuring all necessary conditions for such a regime is shown. It is established that the purpose of state regulation of the protection and use of coastal protection zones is to create social and legal conditions for extracting useful properties from such natural components without harming nature and human rights, which is explained by the special conditions of rational use of natural resources. It is shown that the legal regime of coastal protection zones includes legal norms that determine the size of coastal protection zones, the purpose of their establishment, restrictions on the implementation of certain types of activities and certain types of land restrictions. The qualitative characteristics of the existing legal norms regulating coastal protection zones, as well as the practice of their application, are analyzed. Theoretical conclusions are formulated on the studied issues and practical recommendations are provided for improving the legislation on coastal protection zones in Ukraine.

According the Town Planning Code and the Land Code of the Russian Federation, zones with special conditions for territory use must be shown in the documents of territorial planning and town development zoning. This issue is significant due to the absence of information on the boundaries of such zones in the Unified State Register of Real Estate. Currently, the city of Nizhnevartovsk does not have fully delineated the boundaries of zones with special conditions for territory use for the natural objects and the objects of engineering and transport infrastructure. The aim of research was to make a spatial analysis of the zones with special conditions for territory use in Nizhnevartovsk by means of geo-information mapping in order to study the territorial planning and urban development. The spatial analysis by geo-information mapping revealed that the zones with special conditions for territory use in Nizhnevartovsk do not comply with the current regulatory acts in some aspects or remain partially undelineated. For the purposes of the study, the coastal protection zone, the water protection (fish protection) zone, the railway sanitary protection zone and the aerodrome environs inside the boundary of the city of Nizhnevartovsk were identified. The result of the study was the cartographic materials showing the spatial analysis of zones with special conditions for territory use in the city of Nizhnevartovsk. The widths of the sanitary protection zones around industrial facilities were established taking into account the sanitary classification, the calculated air pollution and the levels of physical impacts.

Mobile and web applications must operate and be displayed correctly on many different devices and browsers. The visual testing of web or mobile applications is usually a manual process that requires a significant amount of testing time, meaning that applications are tested only on a few devices. It is then assumed that the applications will be displayed correctly on other compatible or similar devices. This paper presents an automated visual testing method for user interfaces. The main contributions of this paper are a classification scheme for visual defects of user interfaces and the definition of an automatic visual testing method that tests applications on many different devices with varying hardware and software parameters. The method is based on an automated search for defects using heuristic and expected state prediction algorithms, which involves analyzing the resources used by applications and screenshots. The testing method works by executing applications on a full set of devices, taking a screenshot at every execution step, and analyzing each of these screenshots. The manual as well as automated testing approaches were validated on 781 of Android applications. The experimental results show that the proposed method has advantages over manual testing.

The Upper Frame is the most important component of the excavator because it acts as an engine mount or hose holder connected to the main control valve. So for the welding process, special attention is needed for the frame center which aims to avoid weld distortion between the right side and the left and also as a cable holder from the engine. Therefore, the welding results require special attention starting from the size of the weld and the arrangement of defects in the weld results. The welding process on the Upper Frame uses the GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) process with Lincoln Merit ER70S-6 wire, where the wire size is 1.320 mm and the welding results will be tested using the NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) method, namely Visual Testing. This study aims to determine the results of visual tests in the inside Upper Frame 6015 area using the 1E0099 standard. 1E0099 is the welding procedure used at PT Caterpillar Indonesia Batam. Visual test results from GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) welding are expected to be free of weld defects. If there are still weld defects found, the welding results are still within the acceptance criteria based on internal code 1E0099.

Реагентная индикаторная бумага РИБ-Pd-Тест на основе 1-фенил-5-(3,4-дигидро-6-метил-4-оксо-3Н-пиримидин-2-ил)-формазан-6-целлюлозы предложена для определения содержания палладия сорбционно-рефлектометрическим и визуально-тестовым методами в объектах сложного состава. Изложена методика синтеза РИБ, указан предполагаемый состав металлокомплекса, образующегося в результате гетерогенной индикаторной реакции при рН = 1.5-2.5, с принудительной координацией палладий : реагент = 1 : 1. При взаимодействии РИБ с ионами палладия(II) желтая индикаторная полоса становилась зеленого цвета разной интенсивности. В выбранных условиях показана высокая селективность обнаружения и определения Pd(II). Рефлектометрические измерения проводили с помощью портативного рефлектометра «Экотест-2040», используя красный светодиод с длиной волны излучения 660 нм; для визуального тестирования применяли цветовые шкалы. Индикаторную реакцию предложено проводить в трех режимах: без концентрирования и с концентрированием исследуемого раствора в 100 и 1000 раз на реакционной индикаторной зоне бумажной полосы (применяя карманное прокачивающее устройство). Статистическим методом оценены значения предела определения Pd(II) для визуально-тестовой методики (40, 0.47, 0.042 мг/л) и по 3s-критерию вычислены значения предела обнаружения палладия с использованием рефлектометра (19, 0.22, 0.018 мг/л) для трех режимов, соответственно. Найденные значения предельных концентраций сопоставимы с метрологическими характеристиками известных методик анализа, в которых применяли твердофазные реагенты. Правильность определений палладия в технологических объектах сложного состава и лекарственных препаратах доказана независимыми методами – атомно-эмиссионным, спектрофотометрическим и гравиметрическим методами анализа. Величина относительного стандартного отклонения определяемой концентрации Pd(II) с использованием портативного рефлектометра не превысила 7 %.

Annotation . Ukraine is at the next stage in completing land reform. Despite that, country gained independence, and still there are many unresolved and controversial land, environmental, water, urban development issues requiring additional state intervention. Incompleteness of land reform, in particularly some of the most important issues, one of which is the formation of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection zones of cities, creates a negative ecological environment. And likewise, social tension in vital activity of population, especially for urban land use. In despite of the legislative ban, the construction within the water protection zones, coastal protection zones of cities continues. In addition, restrictions on the use of land and other natural resources located in this territory are also not formed. That is, their spatial placement has a huge impact not only on environmental, land and water relations, but also on economic, social and legal (rights guarantee). As a result of the study, was used data from the public cadastral map of the State Service of Ukraine for geodesy, cartography and cadastre, and an extract from the planning restrictions scheme of the General Plan of Kyiv. The information base for the study was the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine regarding the regulation of land, water and nature management, scientific works of world and domestic scientists, materials of scientific and practical conferences. As a result, the authors established formation features of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal stripes of the city of Kiev. The essence of land use within such zones (strips) consist in the fact, that is as an ecosystem, combines several steeds of different purpose and functional use. In addition, urban land use within water protection zones, coastal protection zones and coastal strips, except environmental, legal, social, land relations, includes economic and water relations, which appears to be an important aspects in the effective regulation of such land use. Due to that, the choice was made to study formation features of urban land use within water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal strips. In order to ensure through land management and legal regulation of urban land use within the zones (strips) to increase the efficiency of its capitalization and greening. Keywords: urban land use, water bodies, water protection zones, coastal protection strips, coastal strips, land ownership.

The paper reveals the content of "protection of water bodies" concept, giving particular attention to the consideration of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones as one of the legal mechanisms for the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation. The author analyses of the peculiarities of the legal regime of water protection zones of the Soviet and current Russian legislation. Based on the current legislation and current judicial practice, the author considers the characteristics of the legal regime of the above mentioned zones and some problems of compliance with the regime (for example, violation of the legal regime of the water protection zone due to the absence of information signs on the ground), which one has to face in practice. In this regard, the author gives special attention to the need to inform nature users and increase their level of ecological culture. The author concludes that there is some inconsistency of the current water legislation in the context of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones with the ecosystem approach in nature management. The formally envisaged legal regulation creates only the appearance of effective mechanisms for water protection.

Sorption of some high molecular weight bis-quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) on silica gel and cellulose was investigated. It was shown that QAS were not washed practically from the sorbents surface at pH = 1 – 9. Sorption of bismuth tetraiodide and iron (III) thiocyanate complexes and anionic dye — picric acid (Picr) onto silica gel modified with QAS was studied. The solid-phase reagents for bismuth(III) and iron (III) spectroscopic and visual test determination in natural water were worked out. Detection limits of Bi (III) and Fe (III) determination were 3 and 2 μg.l−1, respectively. Indicator paper for Fe(III) determination in different types of water was obtained. Silica gel modified with QAS and Picrate was used for determination of anionic surfactants in natural and waste waters using spectrophotometric and visual test methods. The detection limit was 0.05 μg.l−1

Context: Albeit different approaches exist for automated GUI testing of hybrid mobile applications, the practice appears to be not so commonly adopted by developers. A possible reason for such a low diffusion can be the fragility of the techniques, i.e. the frequent need for maintaining test cases when the GUI of the app is changed. Goal: In this paper, we perform an assessment of the maintenance needed by test cases for a hybrid mobile app, and the related fragility causes. Methods: We evaluated a small test suite with a Layout-based testing tool (Appium) and a Visual one (EyeAutomate) and observed the changes needed by tests during the co-evolution with the GUI of the app. Results: We found that 20% Layout-based test methods and 30% Visual test methods had to be modified at least once, and that each release induced fragilities in 3-4% of the test methods. Conclusion: Fragility of GUI tests can induce relevant maintenance efforts in test suites of large applications. Several principal causes for fragilities have been identified for the tested hybrid application, and guidelines for developers are deduced from them.

To test whether image processing methods are suitable for detecting differences in the image quality of digital mammography units and whether the methods are more sensitive than visual test methods like the evaluation of CDMAM test images. Test images according to PAS 1054 were acquired with CR and DR systems and analyzed automatically. Only parameters were used that are obligatory for calculating the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), the noise power spectrum (NPS), the spatial resolution (MTF, modulation transfer function), and the averaged glandular dose (AGD). The derived value, the NEQ index, is linked to the noise equivalent quanta (NEQ). Additionally CDMAM test images were acquired and evaluated at one CR and one DR system. The accuracy of the evaluated values is in the range below of 2 %. The accuracy requirements are fulfilled to establish values for detecting changes in image quality related to changes in dose no greater than one exposure value. If a visual evaluation of test images is used, a significant difference in image quality can only be detected when the dose is doubled. A method is proposed for establishing dose-correlated tolerances for values used in constancy and acceptance tests independently of the type of mammography unit (CR and DR systems). A method which abstains from visual tests for establishing the performance of digital mammography units could be used in acceptance tests.

The inducer is a kind of special axial pump, which is widely used in industry communities, such as aerospace delivery systems and medical equipment. Inducer hydraulic performance is impacted sensitively by flow field cavitation. The external characteristic parameters of the turbopump are closely related to the cavitation in the inducer. The generation and changes of the cavitation in the inducer are the root cause of the drop in the turbopump head. The authors first take a low-temperature liquid rocket engine inducer as the research object, bring the numerical calculation and the visual test method to show the law of the generation and change of cavitation in the inducer and its correspondence with the external characteristic parameters of the turbopump, which explain the quantitative correspondence between the cavitation mode of the inducer and the macroscopic external characteristic curves of wheel pumps from a microscopic perspective. The numerical calculation method of cavitation flow field is introduced and the visualization test method is implemented to a proposed platform. The experimental results show that the numerical calculation results are in good agreement with the visualization test results, which indicate that the actual numerical method is practical and feasible for the calculation of the cavitation flow field in inducers. Finally, the pressure fluctuation frequency characteristic is obtained through the experimental and calculation post-process.

The present study compares different legal texts on the quality of drinking water, the protection of surface waters and the establishment of drinking water protection areas in the European Union and selected countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil and Chile. In the context of a case study, carried out for the Argentine drinking water reservoir Paso de las Piedras, current management practice, its deficits in terms of catchment management practice and possible improvements are discussed based on the concept of water protection zones. The comparison of drinking water standards reveals that the regulations in the investigated Latin American countries comply with the standards of the Wold Health Organisation, while some differences are detected compared to the standards defined by the European Union (e.g., use of bulk parameters; individual standards). While within the European Union the definition and establishment of drinking water protection zones is a standard procedure, it is not explicitly suggested by national Latin American Laws. However, establishment of protection zones for drinking water reservoirs is feasible in accordance with water and environmental laws. The case study reveals that enforcement of the respective laws mostly fails. Protection zones are not implemented. Based on the findings, and according to European and German regulations on water protection zones, measures are suggested how to improve the raw water quality in the reservoir. Recommendations are provided for Latin American countries in general.

The article presents the aims and objectives of the water protection zoning of the Lake Baikal coast as well as the main points of the landscape hydrological substantiation of the dimensions for the water protection zone of this water body, which is a World Natural Heritage site. Analysis of the legislative framework as well as current natural and ecological state of the coastal area indicate serious anthropogenic impacts on the lake and the lack of the water protection experience, especially, in residential and recreational areas. The study considers the main landscape hydrological parameters and criteria for determining the boundary of the water protection zone as well as physiographical conditions and the ecological necessity to include certain types of landscapes in the protection zone. The individual hydrological characteristics of landscapes, depending on the structural components, determine water potential and water protection parameters of the area, which allows for the substantiation of the water protection zone dimensions that ensure the protection of the water resources of Lake Baikal. The problems of water resources protection in the areas of economic use are of special attention. The study suggests the approaches to functional water protection zoning of urbanized and recreational areas, including landscape hydrological principles for assessing the area and methodological elements of landscape planning as well as regulation of the natural resources use for the purposes of the ecological development of coastal areas. A scientifically grounded water protection zone of Baikal involves coordination and control of all activities related to the use and protection of the lake.

The water resources of Zhytomyr region are an important national asset, the condition of which affects people's health, economic development and the "good" environmental condition of the region. The current state of water resources in Zhytomyr region is of some concern due to a number of challenges, including: water pollution with organic materials, nutrients and toxic elements due to incomplete or no wastewater treatment, leaching of pollutants from agricultural land and plastic waste. The challenges also include limited access to quality drinking water in some regions, underdeveloped water supply and sanitation systems, unregulated water consumption and violations of water protection regulations, and hydromorphological changes related to hydropower and water flow regulation, including problems with coastal protection zones and water protection zones, as well as the effects of climate change, including floods and droughts.Taking this into consideration, conducting a SWOT analysis for the use and conservation of water resources in Zhytomyr region gets a particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to conduct a SWOT analysis that will not only allow a deeper analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the regional water management system, but also to identify potential opportunities for improvement and risk reduction. The SWOT analysis will serve as the basis for developing strategies that will promote the conservation and rational use of water resources, strengthen the environmental well-being of the region, and ensure sustainable economic development and public health in Zhytomyr Region.

Since 1977, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research has funded a multiyear program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques employed for inservice inspection (ISI). Recently, the U.S. nuclear industry proposed replacing current volumetric and/or surface examinations of certain components in commercial nuclear power plants, as required by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI, with a simpler visual testing (VT) method. The advantages of VT are that these tests generally involve much less radiation exposure and examination times than do volumetric examinations such as ultrasonic testing (UT). However, for industry to justify supplanting volumetric methods with VT, an analysis of pertinent issues is needed to support the reliability of VT in determining the structural integrity of reactor components. As piping and pressure vessel components in a nuclear power station are generally underwater and in high radiation fields, they need to be examined by VT from a distance with radiation-hardened video systems. Remote visual testing has been used by nuclear utilities to find cracks in pressure vessel cladding in pressurized water reactors, core shrouds in boiling water reactors, and to investigate leaks in piping and reactor components. These visual tests are performed using a wide variety of procedures and equipment. The techniques for remote visual testing use submersible closed-circuit video cameras to examine reactor components and welds. PNNL has conducted a parametric study that examines the important variables that affect the effectiveness of a remote visual test. Tested variables include lighting techniques, camera resolution, camera movement, and magnification. PNNL has also conducted a laboratory test using a commercial visual testing camera system to experimentally determine the ability of the camera system to detect cracks of various widths under ideal conditions.