Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine. The enzyme is widely distributed in human tissues and work as a marker of cellular immunity, and its activity is found to be elevated in those diseases in which there is a cell-mediated immune response. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of ADA specific activity in serum and saliva as a biomarker of chronic gingivitis (CG). Thirty CG patients and 15 CG-free controls were enrolled in the study, and they were attendant of the Dental Clinic at the College of Dentistry Medicine (University of Baghdad) during the period January-March 2013. The results demonstrated that the ADA mean specific activity was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased in serum (17.58 ± 0.81 vs. 0.75 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) and saliva (85.43 ± 2.43 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) of CG patients as compared with controls. Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that ADA specific activity might be a good biomarker for CG, especially in saliva, and can reflect inflammatory and destruction processes in the periodontal tissue.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory process that affects the protective and supportive tissues around the tooth, and bacterial plaque accumulation on the tooth surface leads to a marginal tissue inflammation, known as gingivitis [1]
The results demonstrated that the adenosine deaminase (ADA) mean specific activity was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased in serum (17.58 ± 0.81 vs. 0.75 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) and saliva (85.43 ± 2.43 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) of chronic gingivitis (CG) patients as compared with controls
The immuno-inflammatory response of the host against periodonto-pathogens consists of immune cells and their products, and their complex interactions have led several studies to focus on the components of the host immune response [5], and the resolution of inflammation depends on the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [6,7]
Summary
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory process that affects the protective and supportive tissues around the tooth, and bacterial plaque accumulation on the tooth surface leads to a marginal tissue inflammation, known as gingivitis [1]. The results demonstrated that the ADA mean specific activity was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased in serum (17.58 ± 0.81 vs 0.75 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) and saliva (85.43 ± 2.43 vs 0.11 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) of CG patients as compared with controls.
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