Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Iraqi Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity increases during antigenic and mitogenic responses of lymphocytes; therefore it is considered as an important immunoenzyme marker for assessing cell mediated immunity in diseases characterized by T lymphocyte proliferation and maturation. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a term used to describe acute necrotic changes in the myocardium due to sudden deprivation of coronary blood supply. Since a relationship exists between adenosine deaminase and cell mediated immunity we have undertaken a preliminary study to determine its activity and highlight its importance in the immunopathogenesis of MI, also searching for a new biochemical marker. METHODS: 25 cases all diagnosed with MI at admission to AL-Yarmook Hospital /Iraq. The control group consisted of 25 age and sex matched normal healthy individuals. Serum biochemical parameters were estimated by spectrometric methods such as: ADA activity, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid profile, and total protein. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS version 15 and student T- Test was used. P< 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were significant differences (p< 0.05) in ADA levels (43.14 ± 10.8U/L) in patients than controls (20.71 ± 3.54U/L). Significant increase (p<0.05) were found in AST activity, total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C, while level HDL-C show a significant decrease (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ADA levels may be increased to compensate the increase in adenosine levels due to MI. Also the observations of the study provide evidence for T lymphocyte activation and proliferation in MI. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: We suggest that ADA may be one of the markers to elucidate the pathogenesis of MI, and may be used as drugs target.