Assessing Feeding Practices and Bottle-Feeding Trends: A Holistic Analysis of Infant and Child Nutrition in Pediatric Department of CMCH Larkana

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding is recognized as the optimal method for infant nutrition, yet bottle feeding remains prevalent due to various socio-economic and cultural factors. In Pakistan, understanding the dynamics between maternal demographics, infant feeding practices, and healthcare accessibility is essential for improving child health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to evaluate infant feeding practices, particularly the prevalence of bottle feeding, among mothers in a pediatric department in Pakistan, identifying the socio-demographic factors influencing these practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2023 to March 2024 at the Department of Pediatrics, SMBB Medical University, Children's Hospital, Larkana. We utilized non-probability purposive sampling to enroll 650 mothers. Data were collected through structured proformas focusing on demographics, feeding practices, and healthcare utilization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 to assess correlations between feeding methods and maternal characteristics. Results: Among the mothers surveyed, 86% reported using bottle feeding. The age distribution of infants showed 43% (0–5 months), 28% (6–11 months), and 29% (12–23 months). Educational status of mothers varied, with 38% having no formal education. Antenatal care was received by 44% of participants, while postnatal care was slightly higher at 45%. Breastfeeding counseling was received by only 41% of mothers, with 31% informed about the disadvantages of bottle feeding. Conclusion: The high rate of bottle feeding and the substantial gaps in antenatal and postnatal care highlight the need for targeted healthcare interventions to promote breastfeeding and enhance maternal and child health services. Improved counseling on feeding practices and better healthcare access are critical for addressing the health needs of this population.