Abstract
Las cooperativas conforman una experiencia centenaria del agro argentino. En el siglo XXI, su desarrollo es uno de los principales ejes del Plan Estratégico Agroalimentario y Agroindustrial Participativo y Federal 2010-2020 para el logro de objetivos de competitividad y equidad social. Desde sus orígenes, el cooperativismo agrario procura cumplir con un doble objetivo: el primero, de carácter social, está destinado a la prestación de un servicio basado en principios de solidaridad, libre asociación y gestión democrática; el segundo, de carácter económico, está orientado a defender los intereses y mejorar la situación económica de sus asociados.Desde un criterio funcional, las cooperativas agrarias pueden cubrir diversas actividades, necesidades o servicios, tales como el aprovisionamiento, la producción, comercialización, la transformación o industrialización y el crédito, cumpliendo una o varias de esas fases. El artículo procura mostrar las transformaciones y permanencias operadas en el modelo cooperativo, a través del análisis de dos asociaciones emblemáticas del agro argentino: por un lado, la Asociación de Cooperativas Argentinas (ACA), primera entidad de segundo grado constituida en 1922 y que en la actualidad se encuentra entre los principales exportadores de cereales. Por otro, Agricultores Federados Argentinos (AFA), conformada en 1932 y que hoy es la principal cooperativa de primer grado del país. This paper analyzes the gestation of environmental protec-tion regulations related to mining activities, as well as specific mining provisions that were approved and had an impact to reduce the negative effects to the natural environment. The mining regulations that were approved in the Modern Age envisaged some measures in order to avoid damage to agri-culture, livestock and to villages in the environment of mining activities. In the XIX century, with a liberal State, several laws and mining regulations were slowly being adopted from the middle of the century, due to social conflicts, which introduced measures with health and natural protection effects. With a greater de-gree of state interventionism in the XX century, in a context of pressure from affected social groups, various sectoral rules for the protection of rivers and streams were approved. The Law of Mines in force introduced that it was approved by decree to fix the imperative conditions of protection of the environ-ment, being the origin of the first Royal Decree of restoration of mining activities of 1982.
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