Art Nouveau in the architecture of South-coast villas and palaces as a contribution of outstanding personalities of their owners and architects to the cultural landscape of Crimea

Abstract

The Art Nouveau style in architecture of the late XIX-the first third of the twentieth century was distinguished by the synthesis of all previous styles and the free variability of the composition of both the main architectural volumes and their decor. Depending on the predominance of a particular style in a particular building, it is classified as a sub-style, for example, Neo-Gothic, Neo-Baroque, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Russe, etc. A characteristic feature of modernity is also the use of various ethnic elements by architects. The subject of the article is the cultural characteristics of villas and palaces on the Southern coast of Crimea and the individual character reflected in them by architects in accordance with the requirements of customers, their national and professional affiliation, interests and hobbies. A special contribution of the authors is the analysis of the examples of architecture and its decoration, not abstractly, but in close connection with the personality of their owners and customers. The article uses the methods of historicism and the comparative method in the analysis of the belonging of an architectural object to a particular style; methods of analysis and synthesis in the characteristics of styles of both individual parts of architectural monuments and the entire building as a whole. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the authors described the villas and palaces of the Southern coast of Crimea not only from a historical, architectural and historical-art historical point of view, but from the point of view of matching the styles of buildings to the individual characteristics of the personalities of their owners. Conclusions. 1. The Art Nouveau style spread in Western and Eastern Europe, including Crimea, from the end of the XIX century, and existed on the peninsula until the 1930s. The elegant character of country villas and palaces, mostly white, was especially relevant in Crimea, contrasting with the blue sky and sea and bright vegetation, creating a typical southern the color of the resort area. 2. The cultural landscape of Crimea is made up of a diverse variety of ethnic cultures, the heritage of state entities, as well as outstanding personalities who have contributed to it. In this sense, the unique buildings and their connection with the personalities of their owners represent one of the characteristic features of the historical and cultural landscape of Crimea.