Abstract
The archaella (formerly flagella) of the domain Archaea are unique motility structures that are distinct from the flagella of bacteria. Instead, they bear a number of similarities in structure, composition and assembly to another distinct surface structure in bacteria, namely type IV pili. This has led to the recent proposal of a new term, archaellum, for the archaeal appendage. Unique features of archaella not found in bacterial flagella include subunits (archaellins) that are made with signal peptides that are removed by specialized signal peptidases and subunits that are modified with N-linked glycans. Archaella are not hollow appendages, a finding which indicates their assembly mechanism must be different from that of bacterial flagella.
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