Abstract
Arboviruses, transmitted to humans through arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and ticks, pose a significant global health threat. The emergence and re-emergence of arboviral diseases, including Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and West Nile Virus, continue to challenge healthcare systems worldwide. Vaccination is a cornerstone of arbovirus control, and this review explores the current landscape and future perspectives of new vaccines against arboviruses. The diversity of arboviruses, including multiple serotypes and genotypes, presents a major hurdle for vaccine development. Novel vaccine platforms, such as mRNA vaccines and viral vectors, hold promise for rapid response and broad protection. Advances in structural biology provide insights into conserved viral epitopes, offering potential targets for universal arbovirus vaccines. Moreover, integrated approaches combining vaccination with vector control and surveillance strategies are crucial for breaking the transmission cycle. A one health approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health can enhance arbovirus surveillance and control. Behavioural interventions and community engagement play a pivotal role in improving vaccine acceptance and coverage. Understanding human behaviour and perceptions is essential for successful vaccination campaigns. Global collaboration and resource allocation are paramount in advancing arbovirus vaccine research and development. Partnerships between governments, academia, and industry are needed to address this multifaceted challenge. In conclusion, while arboviruses continue to threaten public health, innovative approaches, interdisciplinary efforts, and international cooperation offer hope for the development of effective vaccines against these elusive pathogens. A concerted global effort is essential to mitigate the impact of arboviral diseases and protect vulnerable populations.
Published Version
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