Abstract
Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 with the fall of Taliban regime, most Afghan refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted Kabul with the manifestation of informal settlement. The residents of informal settlements suffer social and economic exclusion from the benefits and opportunities of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages such as geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability to the effect of poor environment, and natural disasters. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered enormous challenges for informal residents. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District 13 of Kabul. To reach the aim of the research, the interview and questionnaires survey were used as instrument in data collection. The finding of this paper indicates that through the resident’s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition, there are three approaches that can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul, which is settlement upgrading, the land readjustment, and urban redevelopment.
Highlights
Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process
When the war ended in 2001 with the fall of Taliban regime, most Afghan refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul
Article 5 of this Regulation indicates that the Arazi (Land Independent Authority) in collaboration with Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Independent Directorate for Local Governance and Municipalities will identify the residential houses which are built in the informal settlements for registration and granting of occupancy certificates to the occupants according to the following conditions: 1) The property should be within the boundaries of the master plan and urban strategic plan
Summary
Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 with the fall of Taliban regime, most Afghan refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul. The rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted Kabul with the manifestation of informal settlement (Bertaud, 2005). The informal settlements serve a critical function in Kabul, the informal settlements are not without problems (Bertaud, 2005). The physical problems of informal settlements are enormous and pose severe challenges to informal residents in Kabul. In Kabul, the problems of informal settlements refer to lack of drainage system and sewage system, lack of solid waste management, unpaved and narrow streets, lack of open spaces, recreation and greenery, lack of water supply system, and pollution of underground water (Fazli, 2016; Nazire, 2016). In most cases, property rights violations lead to insecurity of land tenure, which is another challenge because the illegal land grabbing without official permission is a threat of eviction and displacement (Nazire & Kita, 2016)
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