Abstract
Ever since the introduction of spinal fusion in 1911, the procedure has continued to evolve and improve as the demand of the aging population increased and as new technological advances emerged. With better technology and better instruments, spine surgeons have been able to develop newer and better approaches that achieve stable constructs but with less morbidity. This article will discuss the advantages and complications associated with each of the approaches, including the anterior, posterior, laparoscopic, axial approach, lateral, minimally invasive, and oblique approach. Ultimately, there seems to be no clear advantage to using one approach over another as they all carry similar risks. There has been an increase in interest in more minimally invasive approaches as these present shorter operative times and less morbidity; however, these approaches are newer and present a steep learning curve with little long-term data on efficacy and safety.
Published Version
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