Applying life cycle analysis for materials selection in Li-O2 batteries

Abstract

Greenhouse gas emission reduction is often cited as a reason for high energy density, next-generation battery development. As lithium-O2 battery research has progressed, researchers have examined the potential of many novel materials in the drive to reduce parasitic reactions and increase capacity. While the field has made great strides towards producing more reliable batteries, there has been little verification that lithium-O2 batteries will reduce net environmental impacts. This paper examines how material selection ultimately impacts lithium-O2 battery environmental impacts. Given that researchers should not wait until lithium-O2 batteries reach commercialization to assess their environmental impact, this paper describes how to incorporate LCA as an integral part of the battery design process. Furthermore, it provides impact factors of many relevant materials to increase the ease of LCA for the field.Graphic abstract