Applications of using a landscape-scale model to quantify white-tailed deer habitat potential in Michigan, U.S.A.

Abstract

The distribution and availability of ecological resources in a landscape can explain differences in deer population demographics. Therefore, to sustain white-tailed deer populations, it is important to manage vegetation communities rather than just deer numbers. Often, biologists determine deer habitat suitability and establish population goals by evaluating existing vegetation. However, because the distribution of habitat reflects differences in climate and geology, development of deer population management goals should be based on the ecological potential of habitat to support different deer demographics. Our objectives were to develop a spatially explicit landscape-scale model that quantifies deer habitat potential in Michigan and illustrate how well the model describes deer population demographics. We found a negative relationship between the spatial distribution of fall and winter food potential and antler beam diameters. Other habitat components such as spring and summer food may drive antler beam diameter distribution. Our model does indicate, however, that it is reasonable to establish different deer management goals with respect to variations in the potential of vegetation conditions to provide deer habitat. The modeling process can be used to model other habitat components, determine which components are most influential in driving demographic patterns, and subsequently be used to establish effective management goals.