Abstract
Summary This paper discusses low-temperature applications for an optimized low-gel borate fluid system that does not rely on a separate component to maintain system pH. This fluid system's viscosity, fluid loss, static proppant settling, and dynamic proppant transport were tested; experimental procedures and results are described. Case studies from Argentina, Ecuador, the Texas Panhandle, and Permian Basin are also included. A new, borate-crosslinked hydraulic fracturing fluid system has been developed. This new, optimized fluid system provides higher viscosity with lower gelling-agent concentrations compared to conventional, borate-crosslinked fluids. Application of the optimized low-gel borate (OLGB) fluid system at low temperatures is discussed. Viscosity, proppant transport, and fluid-loss data of the OLGB fluid system are compared to conventional, borate- crosslinked fracturing fluids. Treatment designs are also presented.
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