Application of Probiotic Preparation Based on Bacteria of the Genus Bacillus in Experimental Intoxication with Cadmium

Abstract

Experimental studies show that the introduction of various heavy metals in the form of their soluble salts in laboratory animals can lead to toxic damage to the body. Taking into account the world community’s concern with acute and chronic intoxication with heavy metals, methods of detoxification of heavy metal excess, as well as their active removal from the body, are actively being developed today. A relatively new and safe method of detoxification is the use of probiotic strains that have the ability to bind heavy metals, for example, encrusting them in their cell wall, and further, withdrawing through the gastrointestinal tract. This work conducts a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of probiotic preparations as a means of correction of the elemental status in the intoxication with cadmium based on the study of biochemical parameters of serum, histological examination of the liver. The best effect and preservation of the structure of the main cell population of the liver – hepatocytes – was observed in samples with Vetom 2 against the background of intoxication with cadmium during all the periods of observation. There were no microcirculation violations in the liver lobule areas. Studies of the ability of bacteria of the genus Bacillus that are part of the studied probiotics to accumulate heavy metals by means of determining their concentration in tissues of laboratory animals revealed that the preparations contribute to a pronounced decrease in the concentration of cadmium ions in the tissues. At the same time, the bone and muscle tissues have the greatest accumulating ability in relation to cadmium ions. The most effective preparations in cadmium intoxication are Sporobacterin and Vetom 2.