Abstract
The accumulation of floatable litter in the river is mainly influenced by the increasing number of human population, rapid urbanization and development which indirectly lead to the changes of hydrological processes in river discharge, decreasing the water quality and aesthetical value of the river. The main objective of this paper is to determine the cumulative floatable litter load captured at the log boom during the extreme events by using the Gumbel distribution method for frequency analysis in river discharge of Sungai Batu. The annual maximum river discharge for a period of 35 years (1982 to 2016) was used in Gumbel distribution method to obtain the discharge for different return period (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200). The result shows that the estimated discharge (103.17 m³/s) can estimate the cumulative floatable litter load (53267.27 kg/day) at 50 years return period. The R2 value obtained from non – linear regression analysis is 0.9986 indicate that Gumbel distribution is suitable to predict the expected discharge of the river. This study is very crucial for the related agencies in highlighting this environmental issues for their future references which can be used as a guidelines during the decision making process in making better improvement.
Highlights
The issue of floatable litter is very challenging in Malaysia as the accumulation of floatable litter in the river is mainly influenced by the rapid population growth, urbanization and development, indirectly resulted to the changes of hydrological processes in river discharge, decreasing the water quality and aesthetical value of the river as it is highly visible pollutant
The accumulation of floatable litter captured at the log boom Sungai Batu is generally derived from various factors such as littering activities and illegal dumping into the river
The log boom has been installed by Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) to capture the floatable litter from being propagate until it reaches up to the coastal area
Summary
The issue of floatable litter is very challenging in Malaysia as the accumulation of floatable litter in the river is mainly influenced by the rapid population growth, urbanization and development, indirectly resulted to the changes of hydrological processes in river discharge, decreasing the water quality and aesthetical value of the river as it is highly visible pollutant. The accumulation of floatable litter is mainly influenced by several factors such as physical characteristic of catchment [9,10,11]; land use types [6]; seasonality on climatic condition of rainfall pattern [11] and surface runoff [4, 12]. The movement of floatable litter along the river is mainly transported by natural factor such as river flow condition [13,14,15] and wind [2, 16]
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