Application of a QPSO-optimized CNN-LSTM model in water quality prediction

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Globally, over 80% of wastewater is discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment (UNESCO 2017:10–15), making accurate water quality prediction essential for safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study presents a novel QPSO-CNN-LSTM model that significantly advances water quality prediction by combining Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) with a CNN-LSTM architecture. Unlike traditional models, the QPSO-CNN-LSTM leverages CNN to capture complex spatial features from water quality data and LSTM to model long-term temporal dependencies. The QPSO algorithm optimizes key hyperparameters, mitigating the need for manual tuning and improving the model’s adaptability to dynamic environmental data. The model outperforms traditional methods with a 15–50% improvement in RMSE, MSE, MAE, and MAPE for dissolved oxygen and pH predictions. These enhancements demonstrate the model’s superior accuracy and robustness, making it an invaluable tool for real-time water quality monitoring, pollution prevention, and cost-effective water management strategies. The practical implications of this model offer a step forward in preserving aquatic ecosystems through data-driven environmental stewardship.