Apple cultivars of common selection as initial forms when creating competitive adaptive cultivars

Abstract

For a number of decades, Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (formerly the Orel experimental fruit-berry station) has been studying a large collection of apple cultivars of common selection, which includes: Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Antonovka Krasnobochka, Anis, Babushkino, Borovinka, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Korichnoye Polosatoye, Korobovka, Osenneye Polosatoye, Papirovka, Papirovka Tetraploidnaya, Renet Zolotoy Kursky, Skryzhapel, Suyslepskoye and others (more than 20 cultivars in total) with different dates of fruit maturation. Most of them are highly adaptable and hardy in the conditions of Central Russia. Korichnoye Polosatoye, Anis, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Papirovka and Osenneye Polosatoye are highly resistant cultivars of common selection. Some of them produce quite large fruits: Antonovka Krupnoplodnaya (150 g), Aport (201 g), Titovka (205 g). Antonovka Krupnoplodnaya, Aport, Renet Zolotoy Kursky and Titovka are distinguished by an attractive appearance of fruits. Some cultivars of common selection have a good taste of fruit: Antonovka Krasnobochka, Aport, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Korichnoye Polosatoye, Korobovka, Suyslepskoye and Chernoye Derevo. A number of cultivars of common selection are characterized by an increased content of sugars (Babushkino), ascorbic acid (Babushkino), sum of P-active substances (Ossenneye Polosatoye) — 415 mg/100 g at average values of indicators of biochemical composition in apple cultivars of national selection: sugars — 9,4%, ascorbic acid — 13,1 mg/100 g, sum of P-active substances — 247 mg/100 g. The article gives a brief economic and biological characteristics of 20 new apple cultivars developed at the Institute with the participation of cultivars of common selection (which is 36.5% of the assortment). The authors of the article conclude that cultivars of common selection are of great interest in creating new competitive adaptive apple cultivars.