Достоинства и перспективы новых триплоидных сортов яблони для производства

Abstract

The priority directions of apple breeding at the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are identified in the article: creating the immune to scab and columnar varieties. Particular attention is paid to breeding at the polyploidal level. For the first time in the world the long-term breeding work has allowed developing 18 triploid apple varieties from intervalent crossings (2x x 4x), eleven of which have been zoned. Triploid varieties with immunity to scab are of great practical value. These varieties are:‘Aleksandr Boiko’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Zhilinskoye’, ‘Maslovskoye’, ‘Prazdnichnoye’, ‘Spasskoye’ and ‘Yablochny Spas’. Besides, 5 triploid zoned apple varieties have been developed from the crossing of diploid varieties (2x x 2x). The varieties ‘Sinap Orlovskiy’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ are of special interest. ‘Sinap Orlovskiy’ is cultivated in a great number of orchards in Russia and Belarus and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ is propagated both in complex and amateur orchards. The favourable characteristics of triploid apple varieties are more regular fruit-bearing, high marketable and consumer’s qualities of fruit and higher autogamy. Agronomical and biological characteristics of three triploid apple varieties accepted for state testing and one variety ‘Ministr Kisiliov’ included in the State Register in 2017 are given in the article. The variety ‘Ministr Kisiliov’ bears fruit of 170 g weight and the fruit appearance and taste are estimated by 4,4 points. Fruit can be stored in the refrigerator conditions till mid March. For state testing the following apple varieties have been accepted in 2017: ‘Mars’ that is characterized by high yields, beautiful fruit of 180 g weight and the estimation of fruit appearance 4,5 point and taste 4,4 point, storage life till mid March; ‘Academic Saveliev’ that is characterized by early fruiting, scab resistance, fruit marketability (160 g), attractive fruit appearance and good taste (4,4 point); ‘Trener Petrov’ is characterized by high yields, marketable fruit (170 g), fruit appearance - 4,4 point and taste - 4,3 point.