Antiretroviral Therapy and Red Blood Cell Morphology: A Review in HIV Patients

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the management of HIV, significantly improving the prognosis and quality of life for individuals living with the virus. While the primary focus of ART has traditionally been on viral suppression and immune restoration, emerging evidence suggests a potential impact on red blood cell (RBC) morphology. This paper explores the intricate relationship between antiretroviral therapy and red blood cell morphology in HIV patients, shedding light on the multifaceted effects of these medications beyond their antiviral properties. Moving beyond laboratory findings, the review investigates the clinical implications of alterations in red blood cell morphology in individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy. This includes discussions on potential implications for oxygen-carrying capacity, hemoglobin levels, and overall hematological health, emphasizing the need for a holistic understanding of the hematopoietic consequences of ART. In conclusion, this paper consolidates existing knowledge, identifies gaps in understanding, and provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals involved in the care of HIV patients. It contributes to the broader conversation on the holistic effects of antiretroviral therapy, paving the way for future investigations and improved clinical management.