Antipsoriatic effect of fatty acid enriched fraction of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. fruits

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevanceVernonia anthelmintica has been utilized conventionally as an ingredient in Ayurveda and traditional Uighur medicine for management of various skin ailments, and scientific data's have substantiated its use in treating vitiligo, dermatosis and leucoderma. The present investigation was focused to evaluate the antipsoriatic activity of V. anthelmintica fruit extracts and fractions. Materials and methodsOintment containing dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts at topical dose of 2.5% and 5% (w/w) was evaluated using mouse tail model of psoriasis. Bioactivity-guided fractionation (F1-F7) of most active extract was carried out and fractions were again subjected to mouse tail model. Further the activity of bioactive fraction was confirmed in HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell line using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and its chemical characterization was done via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ResultsThe dichloromethane extract (5%, w/w) showed statistically significant (* p < 0.05) antipsoriatic activity (66.97 ± 2.68%) with respect to control (25.45 ± 1.80%) and equivalent to that of the standard drug, retino-A 0.05%, (72.47 ± 2.14%) in terms of degree of orthokeratosis, whereas methanol extract (5%, w/w) showed significant (* p < 0.05) differentiation (45.86 ± 2.02%) in comparison to the control group. Out of all fractions, F6 showed statistically significant (* p < 0.05) antipsoriatic activity (69.27 ± 2.76%) with respect to control and equivalent to that of the standard. F6 (15.6–1000 µg/ml) showed dose-dependent inhibition of HaCaT cell lines proliferation which suggests keratinocyte modulating activity of V. anthelmintica. Chemical characterization of F6 revealed that essential fatty acids (i.e., linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid) formed the bulk of bioactive fraction. ConclusionAmeliorative effect of V. anthelmintica in psoriasis might be attributed to the presence of essential fatty acids and thus corroborates its traditional use in the treatment of skin ailments.