Antioxidant, Antiglycation and in vivo Antiaging Effects of Metabolite Extracts from Marine Sponge-associated Bacteria

Abstract

In vitro antioxidant, antiglycation activities of marine sponge-associated bacterial extracts and potential antiaging properties on the model organism, fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) were investigated in the present study. Spectrometry method was used to assess the chemical contents of the extracts. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, while antiglycation was a fluorometric assay. Antiaging activity was tested using the spot test and chronological life span assays. In addition, mitochondrial activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species level and cell cycle analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were evaluated to understand fully the effect of the selected extract. Highest amount of phenolic compounds was found in HAL-13 extract of 215.15 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. PTR-21 extract has the highest flavonoid and tannin contents of 6.42 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract and 5.88 mg catechin/g extract, respectively. The best antioxidant activity was found in HAL-08 extract with IC50 value of 17.10 and 59.39 µg/ml in the two antioxidant assays employed, while the highest activity of antiglycation was reported in the PTR-21 extract with IC50 value of 157.50 µg/ml. PTR-21 (500 µg/ml) extract exhibited antiaging properties in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Indeed, PTR-21 extract could extend G1 phase of the cell division from 26 to 40 %. Interestingly, the corresponding extract could enhance the stress tolerance of phenotype in Schizosaccharomyces pombe against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Such phenotypes might be induced by mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species adaptive signaling, as the extract application significantly enhanced yeast mitochondrial respiratory activity.