Abstract
Ageing is a complex process affected by both genetic and environmental factors, characterized by a gradual failure of functionality, reduced stress response and resistance, leading to enhanced probability for age-related diseases and mortality. During the last decades, natural compounds have attracted the attention of researchers in the quest of bioactive phytochemicals with anti-ageing properties. For a few of these compounds an extra advantage appears; many of them have been shown to decelerate the progression of age-related diseases with emphasis on aggregation-related diseases. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans along with the replicative senescence model of human primary fibroblasts, we have identified compounds that are part of our diet with anti-oxidation, anti-ageing and anti-aggregation activities. Some of the identified compounds promote their anti-ageing activity through activation of the proteasome, others through the activation of Nrf2 transcription factor, while others through inhibition of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Our work identifies new bioactive compounds with anti-ageing and/or anti-aggregation properties or reveals additional beneficial properties on already known bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Ageing is a multi-factorial, complex process affected by both genetic and environmental factors
Oleuropein, the olive constituent [6], quercetin [7] and 18αglycyrrhetinic acid [8,9] are few of the natural compounds that we have identified as proteasome activators and were shown to extend cellular and organismal lifespan
A minor component of silymarin that is used in a plethora of dietary supplements, namely 2,3-dehydrosilybin A/B (DHS A/B), was shown to promote cellular and organismal lifespan extension on top of its already known anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties [10]
Summary
Ageing is a multi-factorial, complex process affected by both genetic and environmental factors It is characterized by a gradual failure of functionality, reduced stress response and resistance, leading to enhanced probability for age-related diseases and eventually mortality [1]. Natural compounds have attracted the attention of multiple labs world-wide due to their multiple beneficial properties (anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, among others), their variety and their natural origin that makes them more accessible. If they are part of the normal diet, the sideeffects are further diluted out. Using the above-mentioned model, our lab has identified compounds that are part of our diet with anti-oxidation, anti-ageing and anti-aggregation activities
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