Abstract
Antioxidant compounds from cyanobacteria may constitute a natural alternative to current synthetic antioxidants, which contain preservatives and suspected toxicity. In this work, we evaluate the antioxidant potential of cyanobacterial strains of distinct species/genus isolated from freshwater (n = 6), soil (n = 1) and wastewater (n = 1) environments. Lyophilized biomass obtained from in-vitro cultures of those strains was extracted with ethanol and methanol. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by chemical (DPPH scavenging method, β-carotene bleaching assay, determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds) and biological (H2O2-exposed HEK293T cell line model) approach. Some strains showed high yields of antioxidant activity by the DPPH assay (up to 10.7% IP/20.7 TE μg/mL) and by the β-carotene bleaching assay (up to 828.94 AAC), as well as significant content in phenolic (123.16 mg EAG/g DW) and flavonoid (900.60 mg EQR/g DW) compounds. Normalization of data in a “per cell” or “per cell volume” base might facilitate the comparison between strains. Additionally, most of the cyanobacterial extracts conferred some degree of protection to HEK293T cells against the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Freshwater Aphanizomenon gracile (LMECYA 009) and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (LMECYA 088), terrestrial Nostoc (LMECYA 291) and wastewater Planktothrix mougeotii (LEGE 06224) seem to be promising strains for further investigation on cyanobacteria antioxidant potential.
Highlights
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, with an estimated number of 8000 species distributed by 150 genera, that, in turn, colonize a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments, from temperate to tropical and polar regions worldwide [1,2]
The methanolic extracts with the highest antioxidant activity were obtained from Microcystis aeruginosa (LMECYA 127), Dolichospermum flos-aquae (LMECYA 180), Planktothrix agardhii (LMECYA 257) and Planktothrix mougeotii (LEGE 06224)
This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant profile of cyanobacterial strains of different species, isolated from freshwaters, wastewater and soil
Summary
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, with an estimated number of 8000 species distributed by 150 genera, that, in turn, colonize a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments, from temperate to tropical and polar regions worldwide [1,2]. Many cyanobacterial species are predominant in habitats exposed to high solar irradiance and, developed several mechanisms to protect themselves against the noxious effects of UV light [3]. One of those mechanisms is the production of primary sunscreens such as the pigment Scytonemin or the mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that absorb harmful radiation [3,4]. Cyanobacteria produce a variety of secondary metabolites that are effective against reactive oxygen species (ROS), pigments such as carotenoids, as well as polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds [5,6,7]
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