Abstract
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines of propolis extracts from two extraction methods were investigated in this study. Propolis was collected from Phayao province and extracted with 70% ethanol using maceration and sonication techniques. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of propolis was evaluated using MTT assay. The percentage propolis yield after extraction using maceration (18.1%) was higher than using sonication (15.7%). Nevertheless, antioxidant and flavonoid compounds of the sonication propolis extract were significant greater than using maceration. Propolis extract from sonication showed antioxidant activity by 3.30 ± 0.15 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. Total phenolic compound was 18.3 ± 3.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and flavonoid compound was 20.49 ± 0.62 mg quercetin/g extract. Additionally, propolis extracts from two extraction methods demonstrated the inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines at 24, 48 and 72 hours in a dose-dependent manner. These results are of interest for the selection of the most appropriate method for preparation of propolis extracts as potential antioxidant and anticancer agents.
Highlights
Propolis is the resinous mixture that bees collect from various parts of plants such as bark gum and use for sealing the pore and protecting the microbe in bee hive (Bankova et al, 2000)
Physical appearance of propolis and propolis extract In this research, propolis was collected from Phayao province
Propolis extraction can be performed by several techniques
Summary
Propolis is the resinous mixture that bees collect from various parts of plants such as bark gum and use for sealing the pore and protecting the microbe in bee hive (Bankova et al, 2000). Propolis contains several compounds including phenolic, flavonoid, flavones, fatty acid, which have the therapeutic effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunostimulant and wound healing activities. The essential oil of propolis was found to inhibit the microbial infection and bee wax could supply moisture to human skin (De Castro, 2001). Propolis showed strong anti-free radical activity, which resulted from the components in propolis including caffeic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (Kumazawa et al, 2004). Propolis can inhibit the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, which are the important and dangerous reactive oxygen species (Nagai et al, 2001; 2003). Free radicals are normally generated from external source and biological process in human body and it can damage the biomolecule including protein, lipid, and genetic material. Free radicals disturb the homeostasis such as DNA repair, inflammation and cell proliferation (Kryston et al, 2011)
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