Antimalarial, Non Alkaloidal Molecules from Preliminary Elucidation of Nauclea Diderechi Extract

Emmanuel Khan

doi:10.15436/2377-1313.16.012

Abstract

The work investigated pharmacologically useful classes of compounds, from the petroleum ether fraction of the stem bark of Nauclea diderichii. From the bioassay, most of the microbes showed sensitivity except for Streptococcus pyrogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus Candida stellatoidea, where the extracts were non -active. Petroleum ether extract was below detectable limits (BDL) in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Corynebacterium ulcereas, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi, Candida albucans, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropical. Chloroform extract had the highest activity, followed by the ethyl acetate, then the methanol and lastly the petroleum ether. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.25 mg/mL on the average. MBC was 2.25 mg/mL and MFC 5.00 mg/ml. Anti-malaria activity showed the LD50 of the acute toxicity as ≥ 3800mg kg-1 body weight. The suppressive test, curative effect, prophylactic effect and the survival periods were highly encouraging. Three compounds were isolated from the preliminary pet. Ether fraction of Nauclea diderichii and identified by infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) and gas/liquid chromatography –mass spectroscopy (GC/LC-MS), analyses as Hexadecanoic acid,15-methyl-, methyl-ester,7Tetradecenal and 9and 10octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. These findings were in consonance with literature of plants and lent credence for the use of the stem bark of Nauclea diderichii as a potential natural drug source for treatment of some ailments in Adamawa State of northeastern Nigeria and beyond. *Corresponding author: Muluh Emmanuel Khan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Agriculture, P M B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria, Tel: +2347031667488; Email: emamulu@yahoo.com Citation: Khan, M.E. Antimalarial, Non Alkaloidal Molecules from Preliminary Elucidation of Nauclea Diderechi Extract (2016) J Pharm Pharmaceutics 3(1): 17. Antimalarial, Non Alkaloidal Molecules from Preliminary Elucidation of Nauclea Diderechi Extract Muluh Emmanuel Khan* Received date: November 23, 2015 Accepted date: April 22, 2016 Published date: April 28, 2016 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1313.16.012

Highlights

Phytomedicine has been found to be active against a wide variety of micro-organisms and has shown great promise in the treatment of many intractable diseases including opportunistic AIDS infections
In Mubi north and south LGAs of Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria, malaria, diarrhea and dysentery are health challenges[3,4] and is believed Nauclea diderichii possesses medicinal properties effective in their management since decoctions of this plant are used for their cure like the rinds of Punica granatum[5,6]
The results indicated that the stem bark possessed blood schizontcidal activity as evident from the chemo-suppression obtained during the four day early infection test and the 30 days curative / established infection comparable to the standard drug chloroquine, 5 mg / kg / day[14,15,16]

Summary

Introduction

Phytomedicine has been found to be active against a wide variety of micro-organisms and has shown great promise in the treatment of many intractable diseases including opportunistic AIDS infections. In Mubi north and south LGAs of Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria, malaria, diarrhea and dysentery are health challenges[3,4] and is believed Nauclea diderichii possesses medicinal properties effective in their management since decoctions of this plant are used for their cure like the rinds of Punica granatum[5,6]. Antimalarial, Non Alkalodial Molecules of Nauclea Diderechi diarrhea and dysentery cure[7]. In Mubi LGAs, North Eastern Nigeria, the stem bark of bilinga are used (oral decoction), for the treatment of malaria and dysentery /diarrhea both in children and adults (Per comm.)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion