Abstract
Background: The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction.Aim: This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of solvent–solvent fractions from M. indica leaves in female Wistar rats.Setting: This is laboratory animal-based phytopharmacological investigation conducted at the University of Ilorin.Methods: Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves was successfully fractionated to give ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF). The fractions at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeal index (ADI) was also computed.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction, NBF and ARF significantly (p 0.05) extended the onset of diarrhoea, reduced fecal parameters (number, weight and water content of feaces and number of diarrhoeal feaces), masses and volumes of intestinal fluid, distance covered by charcoal meal, peristaltic index and its inhibition, with ARF exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ADI at 25 and 100 mg/kg bw (equivalent doses of 14.09 and 56.3 mg/kg bw, respectively) of ARF which were 55.19 and 49.87, respectively were similar to 48.50 produced by loperamide/atropine sulphate. The ADI of 32.36 and 10.18 for 100 mg/kg bw each (equivalent of 26.41 and 17.24 mg/kg bw) of EAF and NBF respectively, were lower than that of loperamide/atropine sulphate (48.50).Conclusion: Of all the fractions, the 25 mg/kg bw of ARF produced the most profound antidiarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory mechanisms.
Highlights
Diarrhoea is an alteration in bowel movement, characterised by increased water content, volume and frequency of stooling, usually occurring three or more times a day, whilst the frequent passing of loose ‘pasty’ stools or formed stools by breastfed babies is not regarded as diarrhoea (Omole et al 2019)
ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF) extended the time of commencement of diarrhoea in the rats, the extension by the dose of 100 mg/ kg bw of ARF was the most pronounced (Table 1)
The EAF, NBF and ARF significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the total number, weight and water content of faeces as well as the number of diarrhoeal faeces, with the most pronounced reduction exhibited by the diarrhoeal rats that received 100 mg/kg bw of ARF
Summary
Diarrhoea is an alteration in bowel movement, characterised by increased water content, volume and frequency of stooling, usually occurring three or more times a day, whilst the frequent passing of loose ‘pasty’ stools or formed stools by breastfed babies is not regarded as diarrhoea (Omole et al 2019). It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting more children than adults (UNICEF 2010, 2019; Burton & Singer 2014). The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction
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