Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism and management of blood glucose level is the hallmark in the treatment of this disease. The present study investigated chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of different fractions of 80% methanol Piper guineense leaves extract.Materials and methodsThe crude methanolic extract of P. guineense was obtained following 80% methanol cold extraction and was successively partitioned with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (nBuOH) and aqueous solvents to give four fractions. The chemical composition of the fractions from P. guineense was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their potentials as antioxidant and anti-diabetes were evaluated.ResultsThe percentage yields were 3.16, 2.22, 0.68 and 0.66% (w/w) in n-butanol, DCM, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of P. guineense methanolic extract, respectively. The GC-MS analyses identified a total of 71 and 34 phytochemicals in n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. Tributyl acetylcitrate (10.95%) and phytol (9.11%) were the major components in the n-butanol fraction while ethyl piperonyl cyanoacetate (27.35%) and phytol (15.17%) were the major constituents in the ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power with a value of 53.96 ± 0.40 mgAAE/g while n-butanol fraction possessed highest total antioxidant power (9.98 ± 0.15) followed by aqueous fraction (9.72 ± 0.02). The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions with IC50 value of 0.24 ± 0.07 and 0.83 ± 0.15 μg/mL respectively elicited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase while only n-butanol fraction (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.09 μg/ml) exhibited appreciable inhibition against α-amylase activity. However, none of the four fractions showed significant inhibitory activity towards dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV.Conclusionn-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of 80% methanol P. guineense leaves extract can be a potential source of bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance in the management of diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global public health problems of the twenty-first century affecting about 347 million people worldwide [1]
Chemicals and reagents Yeast α-glucosidase, acarbose, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside, Pro-4-nitroanilide, Ascorbic acid, 3, 5 - Dinitrosalicylic acid, Dipeptidyl petidase IV were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
The highest yield was obtianed from the n-butanol fraction which gave value of 3.16%. This was followed by the DCM fraction with a yield of 2.22%. the aqueous fraction showed a yield of 0.68% while the least yield was obtained with the ethyl acetate fraction (0.66%)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global public health problems of the twenty-first century affecting about 347 million people worldwide [1]. This problem is expected to double by the year 2030, if necessary actions were not taken [2]. This health disease is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by the total (or relative) defect of insulin, which is manifested clinically as elevated blood glucose. The present study investigated chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of different fractions of 80% methanol Piper guineense leaves extract
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