Abstract
Background: Calcium hydroxide is a root canal dressing material that is widely used in dentistry because of its ability to regenerate hard tissue and eliminate bacteria. According to Ferreira et al. (2015), Fusobacterium nucleatum was found in 90% of teeth that had a root canal treatment done using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication. Due to this shortcoming of the antibacterial power of calcium hydroxide, additional research on alternative ingredients that can be combined with calcium hydroxide to improve its antibacterial power is necessary. Propolis is a natural material that has high antibacterial power and has long been used in dentistry. The addition of propolis to calcium hydroxide is expected to improve the antibacterial power of calcium hydroxide without eliminating its function in terms of regenerating hard tissue. Purpose: To find out how effective is the antibacterial power of a combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: The research was carried out using 4 treatment groups consisting of 6 samples for each group. Group 1 is given a combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis with a ratio of 1:1, group 2 with a ratio of 1:1.5, group 3 with a ratio of 1:2, and group 4 is a positive control of calcium hydroxide and sterile aquadest suspension. Each sample was put into a test tube containing BHIB and a suspension of Fusobacterium nucleatum, incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours, and vortexed for 1 minute. A total of 0.1 ml of bacterial inoculum was taken from each sample and then put into the MHA and grown for 24 hours. The number of Fusobacterium nucleatum colonies grown on MHA was calculated and expressed using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Results: There were fewer colonies of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis has an effective antibacterial power against Fusobacterium nucleatum which the ratio of 1:2 is more effective than ratio of 1:1,5 and 1:1.
Highlights
Dental caries is recognized as the main problem of oral health and the main cause of tooth loss[1]
A combination of Ca(OH)[2] and propolis prepared with a ratio of 1:1 which consist of 0.125 g of Ca(OH)[2] powder and 0.125 ml of propolis extract, a ratio of 1:1.5 consist of 0.125 g of Ca(OH)[2] powder and 0.1875 ml of propolis extract, a ratio of 1:2 consist of 0.125 g of Ca(OH)[2] powder and 0.25 ml of propolis extract, and as a control group which is the mixture of Ca(OH)[2] powder with sterile distilled water
The number of F. nucleatum colonies decreased along with the increasing composition of propolis extract in its combination with Ca(OH)[2], as seen that the mean quantity of F. nucleatum colonies in group III was 14.17 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/ml counted lower than group II which was 28.17 CFU/ml; the mean quantity of F. nucleatum colonies in group II was 28.17 CFU/ml counted lower than group I which was 54.00 CFU/ml; and colonies in group I amounted to 54.00 CFU/ml counted lower than the control group which was 105.50 CFU/ml
Summary
Dental caries is recognized as the main problem of oral health and the main cause of tooth loss[1]. As a RCT dressing material, Ca2+ from Ca(OH)[2] acts to induce the formation of dentine, while OH- plays a role in increasing pH to be a strong base that can cause bacterial death by damaging its cell wall. These things placed Ca(OH)[2] as the ideal RCT dressing material because it has two main functions that are important for the treated dental root canal, which are regeneration of dental hard tissue and elimination of bacteria[4]. Various advantages of propolis are expected to be able to improve the lack of Ca(OH)[2] antibacterial power so that the research is conducted to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis against the Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria
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