Antibacterial Activity of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloid from Roots of Clausena anisata.

Dandena Tamene,Milkyas Endale

doi:10.1155/2019/5419854

Dandena Tamene, Milkyas Endale

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5419854

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Abstract

Clausena anisata is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of parasitic infections, irritation (boils, ringworm, and eczema), flatworm infestations, influenza, abdominal cramps, and constipation. Phytochemical screening test of dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) roots extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, coumarins, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and free reducing sugars and the absence of saponins. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) extract afforded a carbazole alkaloid derivative of heptazoline (1) and three coumarins (2–4), including the known coumarins imperatorin (3) and chalepin (4). Structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135). Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts and isolated compounds was screened using agar diffusion method against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus substilis. The results of antibacterial test revealed derivative of heptaphylline (1) and imperatorin (3) exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. substilis (14 and 13 mm zone of inhibition, respectively) to that of ciprofloxacin (15 mm zone of inhibition) at a concentration of 20 µg/mL. Chalepin (4) revealed more antibacterial activity against B. substilis (16 mm zone of inhibition) compared to ciprofloxacin (15 mm).

Highlights

Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various diseases since antiquity and still play an important role to cover the basic health needs in the developing countries [1]
Samples were applied on column by either adsorbing on silica gel or dissolving in appropriate solvent. e infrared (IR) data were recorded on a Perkin Elmer model FT-IR spectrometer (400–4000 cm−1) using KBr disks. e 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, spectra were recorded using Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer using TMS as internal standard
The presence of a downfield singlet aromatic proton at δ 8.07 suggests that this proton is experiencing anisotropic effect of the aldehyde carbonyl. e above chemical shift positions for the aromatic singlet proton (H4) and downfield chemical shift of hydroxyl moiety allow for unequivocal assignment of aldehyde moiety at carbons were observed at δ 130.8 (C-3) between two carbons bearing proton H-4 (C-4) and that of C-2 bearing hydroxyl group. e 13 C NMR spectrum (CDCl3, 100 MHz, Table 2) in combination with DEPT-135 showed the presence of 18 carbons

Summary

Introduction

Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various diseases since antiquity and still play an important role to cover the basic health needs in the developing countries [1]. Most of the people in rural and urban areas of the developing world depended on the medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases. F. ex Benth (Figure 1), known by local name “olmaa’ii” in Ethiopia (Afan oromo language), belongs to the family Rutaceae and is widely used in various parts of Africa for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the skin including boils, ringworm, oral thrush and eczema [2], and malaria [3]. We hereby present a comprehensive phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluation of the roots extract of Clausena anisata

Experimental Section

Antibacterial Testing

Results and Discussion