Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmania activity of extracts and fractions from stem and leaf of Montrichardia linifera against Leishmania amazonensis. The stem (EES) and leaf (EEL) extracts were obtained by maceration of powders with 96º GL alcohol. The extracts were subjected to exhaustive extraction using a reflux system and solvents of increasing polarity, obtaining 4 fractions for each extract: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts and fractions were submitted to a phytochemical prospecting study. The antipromastigote activity and cytotoxicity in macrophages (J774) were performed using the cell viability test (MTT). In the extract and fractions of the stem, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, flavonic heterosides, tannins, polyphenols and saponins were detected. In the extract and fractions of the leaves, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, flavonic heterosides, tannins, polyphenols and saponins were detected. In the anti-leishmania evaluation, the hexane fraction of the leaf (HFL) showed promising activity (IC50=38.56 µg/mL), and the hexane fraction of the stem (HFS) showed moderate activity (CI50=179.3 µg/mL), the extracts and the other fractions were inactive (IC50>200 µg/mL). In the cytotoxicity test, EES and HFS were cytotoxic (CC50 54.82 µg/mL and 26.95 µg/mL, respectively). EEF and HFL showed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 of 162.7 µg/mL and 347.1 µg/mL). As for the selectivity index, the HFL showed high selectivity (SI=90). In summary, fractionation contributed to increase anti-leishmania activity and the selectivity of HFS, such activity may be related to steroids or terpenes.
Highlights
IntroductionThe disease mainly affects Africa, Asia and Latin America, being associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing conditions, weakened immune system and lack of resources (Who, 2018)
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a variety of protozoan species of the genus Leishmania (Nord, 2019).The disease mainly affects Africa, Asia and Latin America, being associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing conditions, weakened immune system and lack of resources (Who, 2018)
In the phytochemical prospecting studies, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, flavonic heterosides, tannins, polyphenols and saponins were found in the extract and fractions from the stem of M. linifera
Summary
The disease mainly affects Africa, Asia and Latin America, being associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing conditions, weakened immune system and lack of resources (Who, 2018). 18 countries are in America (Opas, 2018). Pentavalent antimonials are used and alternatively amphotericin B; they are toxic, have low efficacy and high cost (Ponte-Sucre, et al, 2017). Another issue is the increasing in parasitic resistance, which makes treatment more difficult and facilitates the spread of infection (Ponte-Sucre, et al, 2017). The urgent search for new effective therapeutic alternatives with low toxicity is emphasized, and the study of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine should be prioritized (Who, 2015)
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