Anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects of drimane sesquiterpenoids isolated from Zygogynum pancheri

Abstract

Recently, it has been shown that drimane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated from Zygogynum pancheri, a species native to New Caledonia, possessed significant α-amylase inhibitory activities. To further explore their antidiabetic potential, we investigated the effect of 1β-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-6α-hydroxy-9epi-polygodial (D) and 1β-E-O-p-methoxycinnamoyl-bemadienolide (L), two of the most active compounds of the series, on diabetic model rats. Compounds D and L (2 mg kg/day) were daily and orally administrated for 30 days to streptozotocin (STZ) (150 mg/kg) induced male diabetic Wistar rats. Animals were allocated into five groups of six rats. Comparatively to diabetic rats, treatments with D and L compounds were able to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (70.15%, 71.02%), serum total cholesterol (46.27% and 39.38%), triglycerides (56.60% and 58.15%), creatinine (37.31% and 36.49%) and uric acid levels (67.76% and 69.68%), respectively. Compounds D and L also restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, AST (47.83% and 43.20%), alanine aminotransferase, ALT (49.76% and 48.35%, alkaline phosphatase, ALP (72.78% and 73.21%)) and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH (47.95% and 53.93%) levels to near normal, respectively. Administration of Glymepiride, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FBG (73.94%) in STZ induced diabetic rats. Additionally, the compounds D and L exhibited inhibitory effects in vivo on lipase activity of diabetic rats (54.83% and 52.25%), respectively. The outcomes of this study suggested that these two drimanes could be considered as efficient hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antiobesity agents for diabetes management and its complications.