Abstract
BackgroundMyocardial infarction is the combined result of environmental factors and personal predispositions. Prothrombotic factors might play an important role in this phenomenon. Annexin V (ANV) is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein widely present in various tissues exerting a potent anticoagulant effect in vitro by reducing plaque adhesion and aggregation. Anti-annexin V antibodies (aANVAs) are detected in various diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. The study of ANV in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) might shed light on hypercoagulability mechanisms in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plasma ANV, aANVAs and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLAs) with AMI.MethodsThis study recruited 45 patients with the diagnosis of AMI according to WHO criteria in their first 24 hours of admission. 36 matched individuals were studied as the control group with normal coronary artery angiography. Plasma levels of ANV, aANVAs and aCLAs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the results were compared.ResultsPlasma ANV levels in the patients with AMI on admission were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.002). Positive test for aANVAs were found to be present in a significant number of our patients (p = 0.004). The studied groups were similar in their rate of patients with positive aCLAs tests. ANV, aANVAs and aCLAs were not correlated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sex, age and smoking.ConclusionOur findings suggest that low plasma ANV levels along with positive aANVAs tests in patients with AMI are indicative of hypercoagulable state that is not related to the traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the combined result of environmental factors and personal predispositions [1]
Our patients had significantly more positive antiannexin V antibody results than the control group [20(45.5%) vs. 6(15.8%), p = 0.004] (Fig 2) but no difference was found in the anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLAs) test results between the two groups (Table 1)
We examined the association between plasma Annexin V (ANV), Anti-annexin V antibodies (aANVAs) and aCLAs and selected cardiovascular risk factors
Summary
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the combined result of environmental factors and personal predispositions [1]. Annexin V (ANV) is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein with a potent anticoagulant capacity in vitro [5] (mainly as a result of its negatively charged membrane phospholipids), and capable of inhibiting the prothrombinase and Tensa complexes to reduce plaque adhesion and aggregation [6]. Circulating ANV can be released from the cells of the vascular wall (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells) or from secretor cells of the spleen and liver. Once it is in the plasma, it binds to blood cells (platelets and erythrocytes) or to endothelial cells [7]. Annexin V (ANV) is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein widely present in various tissues exerting a potent anticoagulant effect in vitro by reducing plaque adhesion and aggregation. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plasma ANV, aANVAs and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLAs) with AMI
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