Anisotropic Metasurface Holography in 3-D Space With High Resolution and Efficiency

Abstract

Electromagnetic metasurfaces are structured surfaces consisting of a thin array of subwavelength elements with engineered scattering properties, thus providing a promising means of holographic display by controlling the field distributions. However, the existing metasurface holography has limited capabilities in achieving 3-D fields with simultaneous features of high spatial resolution and energy efficiency due to the design methods. In this work, we present a transmissive metasurface to achieve polarization-dependent field distributions in 3-D space with both high resolution and efficiency. In the design, a new method that utilizes dyadic Green's function (DGF) as the rigorous propagator is used. Using the method, the sources and fields are linked directly and can be located on arbitrary 3-D points with the intermediate spaces being equal or unequal. The design is successfully validated by full-wave simulations and experimental measurements. The broadband simulation results indicate that the design has a bandwidth of 0.8 GHz. This work demonstrates a feasible and simple route of field synthesis for real-world applications that require high resolution, high efficiency, and 3-D scenarios.