Abstract
Anisakid nematodes are seafood-born parasites causing a serious disease in humans known as anisakidosis. The number of human cases is increasing globally due to a number of factors, such as increased seafood consumption and prevalence of infected fish. The latter has been attributed to global warming, climate changes and protection of population of the definitive hosts. Anisakis simplex, Anisakis pegreffii, A. physeteris, Contracaecum osculatum, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova azarasi and Pseudoterranova cattani are species that have been known to cause anisakidosis however diagnosis of most human cases are not to species level. Raphidascarid nematodes belonging to the genus Hysterothylacium used to be classified under anisakid nematodes and are also briefly discussed in this section. Symptoms of anisakidosis, such as pain, vomiting and diarrhea are non-specific, which makes the misdiagnosis common. Prevention includes gutting the fish immediately after being caught, proper cooking and freezing.
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