Analyticity of complex criteria for evaluation of grain production in agricultural enterprises intensification of engineering management

Abstract

The article analyzes the analytical nature of complex criteria for assessing grain production in agricultural enterprises by intensifying engineering management. Effective use of combine harvesters and the amount of grain losses during combining in agricultural producers depend on the classic set of organizational, technical, technological factors and the state of engineering and technical service. In order to increase the efficiency of machinery, it is advisable to use operational technology for harvesting cereals, which includes maps and drawings on the following issues: choice of technologies, agronomic requirements, safety, selection and assembly of units, preparation of units, field and detachment preparation, organization of work of units in detachments, transport works, norms of production and fuel consumption, control and estimation of quality of work. It was established that the average daily productivity of the combine during the first 3 years of use was 14.6-16.1 ha; seasonal - 302-314 hectares; grain threshing - 59-161 tons per day and 1280-1440 tons - per season. To obtain the required productivity and quality of threshing, it is necessary to constantly monitor the size of the gap between the drum and the drum. To increase the productivity of grain unloading, it is advisable to carry out while moving without stopping the combine, because when threshing 60 tons per day, approximately 1.6 hours of working time are lost.It was found that the existing harvesting system does not take into account the dynamics of grain and straw ripening and their purpose according to the scheme: entry into the process (first phase), the main part of the above average (second phase) and exit from the process (third phase), inefficient due to low survivability of the collection system in organizations, regions and oblasts in the first and third phases. Analysis of numerical indicators shows that when all crops are harvested, the pace of the process in the first phase increases slowly, in the second - faster, and at the output decreases to a minimum. In the first phase, the average rate for rye, barley, oats and wheat reaches 0.25, respectively; 0.21; 0.30 and 0.26 cycle times. The duration of harvesting each crop with a rate above average is less than half the duration of the cycle, and with a rate below average - more than half. The general conclusion from the given data comes down to the fact that 26-33% of the harvest in farms can be obtained by using resource-saving technologies. Analysis and synthesis of the regularity of the harvesting process shows that during one day the maximum rate reached 18.2-34.9% of the total, which exceeded the average rate by 3.58 times.