Analysis on risk factors for severe community acquired pneumonia in the elderly

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the risk clinic factors of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults, and to provide examples for its clinic application. Methods Sixty-four case patients who were admitted for a diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in Beijing Haidian Hospital from January 2013 to July 2015 were selected as observation group.One hundred cases patients also admitted for a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were selected as control group.Within 24 h of admission, the clinical data were collected, medical history were collected, and the serum biochemistry, coagulation index fibrin degradation product, D-dimer and inflammatory factor procalcitonin were detected.The data were analyzed by univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with significant difference in single factor analysis. Results Single factor analysis showed that the percentage of severe pneumonia with central nervous system disorders, severe pneumonia with aspiration, severe pneumonia with two or more comorbidities, aspiration and severe pneumonia with bedridden patient in observation group were obviously higher than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((82.21%(53/64) vs.32%(32/100), 60.93%(39/64) vs.1%(1/100), (84.37%, 54/64) vs.54%(54/100), 90.62%(58/64) vs.28%(28/100), 59.37%(38/64) vs.11%(11/100); P<0.01 or P<0.05). The mortality of observation group was higher than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance(56.62%(36/64)] vs.3%(3/100), P=0.001). Albumin of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((27.79±8.53) g/L vs.(33.66±9.63) g/L, P=0.011). Fibrin degradation product of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((10.98±1.32) ng/L vs.(3.61±0.98) ng/L, P=0.002). D- dimer of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((2.68±0.56) mg/L vs.(0.42±0.12) mg/L, P=0.001). Procalcitonin of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group, the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((1.63±0.32) ng/L vs.(0.13±0.21) ng/L, P=0.015). The result of multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed the aspiration, hypoproteinemia, D-dimer were severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults's independent risks(OR=1.782, 1.208, 1.356, P<0.05). Conclusion Aspiration, hypoproteinemia, D-dimer are the factors of risking suffering severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.D-dimer could be the detection index of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. Key words: Community-acquired pneumonia; Older; D-dimer; Aspiration