Analysis of the main approaches to the special physical training of foil fencers in the training process

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A characteristic feature of modern sports is the continuity of sports competition on the international arena. This encourages the constant improvement of the system of training athletes. The main task of sports science is to improve the training process in order to achieve high sports results in a competitive match at various stages of long- term training. A significant number of scientists studied individual aspects of physical training of fencers, rather than complex training, which consists of physical, technical, tactical, psychological and theoretical. Due attention to special physical training in the educational and training process of fencers can be one of the factors of successful transition to the next age group, since the criteria for transition to the next stage of training are not only the age of the athlete and the achieved sports results, but, above all, the level of his physical development and versatile preparation, the ability to withstand ever greater training and competitive loads. The development of leading physical qualities at separate stages of training ensures not only a high level of physical fitness, but also contributes to a higher and higher quality formation of technical and tactical abilities and skills that affect the effectiveness of a fencer's competitive activity. Therefore, sports training of rapier fencers is characterized by speed with various movements and their unexpected change, which causes high requirements for various types of preparation (physical, technical, tactical, psychological, theoretical), which affect performance in competitive activities. One of the acute problems in the theory and practice of training rapier fencers is increasing the level of special physical fitness, the relevance of which increases with the improvement of sports results. In recent years, certain scientific approaches to improving the training process of fencers at the stage of specialized basic training have been formed. The main approaches in the special physical training of rapier fencers were found to be the traditional approach, which involves the use of the provisions of the general theory of the training of athletes according to the program for children and youth sports schools, and the specialized approach, which contributes to the improvement of all types of sports training with the maximum implementation of them in the competitive activity of fencers- rapiers.