Analysis of Provision of Green Open Space in Jambi City

Based on Spatial Planning Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, Article 29 states that the proportion of public green open space is 20% of the city area. In Tebing Tinggi City, based on the 2013-2033 RTRW of Tebing Tinggi City, it is stated that Public RTH covers an area of ​​approximately 72.49 Ha or 1.89% of the city area, which means it is not in accordance with the mandate of Spatial Planning Law No. 26 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. This research was conducted to assess the availability of existing public green open space in Tebing Tinggi City based on image interpretation techniques, spatial distribution, the area of ​​existing public green open space, the service radius of existing public green open space, and the suitability of existing public green open space land. This type of research uses quantitative research and uses spatial analysis techniques. The results identified as many as 60 public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City with an accuracy score of 86.36%, which means that the interpretation is considered correct because the spatial distribution pattern of public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City is random because the distribution of public green open spaces is not evenly distributed in all sub-districts in Tebing Tinggi City. From the results of the spatial distribution pattern, digitization was then carried out with the result that the total public open space area was 105.27 Ha, which was dominated by the burial area of ​​59.67 Ha or 57.07%. Then, based on each area of ​​green open space obtained, a topological classification of public green open space is carried out, consisting of 7 typologies of green open space, namely City Forest, City Park, District Park, Village Park, RW Park, RT Park, Cemetery and Green Belt, which is then analyzed. Service radius. As a result, it is known that the City of Tebing Tinggi has not been served optimally by public green open space because there is not yet one type of public green open space typology that is capable of serving the city of Tebing Tinggi based on buffer analysis carried out using ArcGis. The only public green open space whose service radius almost covers the city of Tebing Tinggi is the cemetery whose existing existence is capable of serving 99.19 percent of the area of ​​the city of Tebing Tinggi. Finally, a land suitability analysis was carried out between the existing public green open space and the Tebing Tinggi City RTRW for 2013-2033 which resulted in land suitability of 79.92%. Meanwhile, the remaining 20.08% was designated for areas that were not public green open space.

This research was conducted to identify changes in the area of ​​public and private green open space in Jambi City and to identify the factors that influence changes in the area of ​​green open space. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The research was conducted in Jambi City, and was conducted from June to September 2020. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation and documentation. Data amalisis technique is obtained through spatial and descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) In the 2015-2019 period, the area of ​​public Green Open Space (RTH) in Jambi City decreased, which decreased by 2,223.23 hectares from the original 2015 amounting to 10,167.67 hectares to 7,937.44 hectares in 2019 and the area of ​​private green open space in 2015 has increased from an area of ​​6,983.74 hectares to 9,206.97 hectares in 2019; (2) the factors that influence the change in the area of ​​public green open space are health facilities, educational facilities, and economic facilities, while the factor affecting the change in the area of ​​private green open space is population density.

High land requirements have an impact on land conversion. This study aims to calculate the accuracy of the results of mapping public green open space from ASTER and Sentinel-2A imagery, know the changes in green public space, calculate oxygen demand and the needs of green space in 2004 and 2019. The types of green open spaces that are interpreted visually include urban forests, river borders, cemeteries, fields, and city park. Oxygen demand is calculated by the gerrarkis method including livestock, industry, population, and motor vehicles. The mapping accuracy with the ASTER is 96% while the Sentinel-2A imagery is 90%. The mapping of changes in public green open space show that 17,62 km2 public green open space has not changed, increased 1,15 km2, and decreased 2,61 km2. Oxygen demand in 2004 was 1053531,92 kg/day with green open space needs covering 10,41 km2, while in 2019 it was 1923959,31 kg / day with Green Open Space needs covering 19 km2. The need for green space in 2004 has been fulfilled from public green space of 20,22 km2. In 2019 the area of public open green space is 18,77 km2, so that public open green space has not been able to fulfill the needs of overall green open space.

Kepanjen as the capital of Malang Regency continues to improve, in addition to being equipped with various public facilities and green open spaces, it will also be used as a pilot as a green city by the Regency Government. Currently Kepanjen City already has several public green open spaces, but the existing public open green space still does not meet the standard area of green open space of a region. Therefore this study will evaluate the availability of public green open space in Kepanjen City. This study aims to find out the distribution of public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center. The method used in this study is evaluative descriptive, how to obtain data by field observations, interviews and recording. Based on the results of the survey and analysis that the public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center Area consists of railroad borders, river borders, cemeteries, and green roads. Railroad green open space along 3 km along the railroad tracks, each river has been protected by green open space river border, in the central area of Kepanjen City has two public cemeteries and one Chinese cemetery which also functions as a green open space, and the Green Roadway in Kepanjen urban area is located on Panglima Sudirman street, Kawi, Panji street, Sultan Agung street, and Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo street.

Green open space (GOS) plays a very important role in realizing a sustainable city and has a balance of ecological and psychological functions for urban communities. Green open space (GOS) can be divided into two categories, namely public GOS and private GOS, but only public GOS can still be controlled directly by the government. Until now, there has been no study regarding the use of public green open spaces in Denpasar City. The aim of this research is to identify the availability of public green open space in Denpasar City, analyze the implications of using public green open space in Denpasar City, and formulate strategies and policies for managing public green open space in Denpasar City. Data collection techniques in this research were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques in this research are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques to determine the availability of public GOS, SWOT analysis for the use of public RTH, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine management strategies and policies. The availability of public green open space in 2011 was recorded at 2,341.48, or 18.32 percent. The availability of public green open space in 2019 was recorded at 1,572,990 hectares, or 12.49 percent. The difference between 2011 and 2019 was 768,490 ha, or 5.83 percent. The minimum area of public green open space in accordance with the regulations, namely 20 percent, was 1.68 percent in 2011 data and 7.51 percent in 2019 data. The implementation of the utilization of Denpasar City Public Green Open Space (GOS) based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out does not comply with the standards of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2007 concerning Arrangement of Green Open Space in Urban Areas and Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Providing and Utilizing Green Open Space in Urban Areas. Management still needs to be improved both in terms of handling, security, and maintenance as well as maintaining the availability of existing public open space.

The capacity of adaptation is essential elements towards urban resilience. One adaptation that can be done is to consider the provision of open space and public space in the city. Yogyakarta City development which focused on the built area and negates the open space has blurred the characteristics of the city. Efforts in increasing the availability of public space is one of the seven priorities of the programs included in the environmental and the utilization of space in Yogyakarta City. An understanding of the provision of public green open spaces in Yogyakarta is important because the products and processes that take place in a development will determine the successful implementation of the development plan. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to identify the provision green space in Yogyakarta City from the aspects of product and procedure; and (2) to identify the role of green space to build resilient city. This study is used descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interview, literature review, and triangulation as the method for data collection. Yogyakarta has had instruments for public green open spaces provision called Masterplan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Up-Scaling Yogyakarta 2013-2032 which govern the typologies and criteria for green open space development in the city.Public green open spaces development mechanism can be grouped into the planning phase, the utilization phase, and the control phase of each consisting of legal and regulatory aspects, institutional aspects, financial aspects, and technical aspects. The mechanism of green open space provision should regard the need of advocacy for “urban green commons” (UGCs) development as a systematic approach of collective-participatory for urban land management.

PurposeThis paper aims to work toward a new approach in providing green open spaces in the middle of urban land in Indonesia that has been densely built up and on it has attached land rights. An approach is needed through a specific spatial policy that contains zoning regulations for the provision of public green open spaces on top of residential houses built on the green zoning plans.Design/methodology/approachThis approach considers an interconnected ecological holistic approach, as previously existing regulations have not normatively identified the green open space as an ecological landscape consisting of blue open spaces and several objects that function as green open spaces.FindingsIndonesia in terms of green open space for local climate instrument is still identified as one of the three lowest countries in Southeast Asia in the number of green open space areas. We found that the regulating process of development rights and property rights, in the construction of Indonesian law, still requires many alternative efforts to this day in providing urban green open spaces. The delivery of desired outcomes depends on the alternative policy as a form of legal politics in compensating planning and community interests through developing green open spaces in an ecoregion approach.Originality/valueThis writing was shaped by the understandings of the author with regards to the development of urban green open space regulating issues in Indonesia as one of the emerging country group in Asia and Jakarta as the second-most populous urban area in the world. This paper aims to work toward providing green urban open spaces in Indonesia that has been densely built up and on it has attached land rights, through a specific spatial policy that contains zoning regulations for the provision of public green open spaces on top of residential houses built on the green zoning plans.

Urban greening schemes in Indonesia have experienced various challenges in providing quality green open space in sufficient quantities and need for a more appropriate scheme. In this case, the policy aspect is presumed to inhibit optimizing the provision and utilization of green open space in Indonesia. This study uses descriptive qualitative method that aims to analyze policy aspects related to the provision of green open space in large and dense urban areas with a case study Jakarta. It provides a basic analysis scheme to find the root cause of the urban greening schemes issue in Indonesia. The result shows that the provision of green open space has been mandated in various regulations and policies on a local to global scales. However, law enforcement efforts in implementing these policies and regulations require integrated and comprehensive endeavors to respond to the complexity of the public policy system related to the provision of green open space. In conclusion, this study needs an in-depth research to find complex and dynamic components associated with the complexity of providing green open space with a dynamic system approach. Keywords: Urban Greening Scheme; Law enforcement, Dynamic complexity

This research aims to analyze the area and percentage of green open space in Medan city, formulate the direction of recommendations and strategies to meet the needs of public green open space. This research is descriptive in nature using quantitative methods. The primary data of the research was obtained from 40 respondents consisting of the Medan City Environment Office, the Housing and Settlement Office of Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning and the Community. The results showed that green open space in Medan City has an area of 11642.90 Ha or 41.35% of the overall total in Medan City and there are 14 sub-districts that do not meet the established green open space requirements. The implication of this research contributes to the importance of urban planning practices. Strategies to increase the provision of green open space in Medan City can be achieved by applying a combination of intensification and extensification measures in the development of green open space.

Green open space is one important component in developing an area. The proportion of the area of green open space in urban areas based on Law number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning is 30% of the city area. The green open space is divided into several criteria, namely public green open space and private green open space. Public green open space is open space managed by the government whose use is intended for the community. In addition to the aesthetics of public green open space also functions as an air purifier, guardian of groundwater sustainability, a place for the development of various flora and fauna, also provides economic benefits for the community. Mangrove vegetation has the ability to fulfill the function of the green open space. When developed into an open public heiau space, mangroves can have a positive impact on environmental development. Mangrove vegetation has the ability to minimize the erosion and hydrological standby of the region. Besides, mangroves also have the ability to absorb carbon emissions so as to keep the environment air conducive. Mangroves that are well managed can also create new tourist sites that can improve the economy of the surrounding community.

Green Open Space "RTH" plays a very important role in realizing a sustainable city and has a balance of functions both ecologically and psychologically for urban communities. Green Open Space can be divided into two, namely public green open space and private green open space, but only public green open space can still be controlled directly by the government. The purpose of this study is to identify the availability of public green open space in the city of Denpasar and to formulate strategies and policies for managing public green open space in the city of Denpasar. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and questionnaires, qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis with SWOT analysis for the use of public green open space, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine management strategies and policies. The availability of public green open space in 2011 was recorded at 2,341.48 or 18.32 percent. The availability of public green open space in 2019 was recorded at 1,572,990 ha or 12.49 percent. The difference in 2011 and 2019 was 768,490 Ha or 5.83 percent. The minimum area for public green open space following the 20 percent rule is 1.68 percent (in 2011) and 7.51 percent (in 2019). The implementation of Denpasar Public Green Open Space (RTH) management has not met the standards of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2007 and Minister of Public Works Number 5 of 2008. The strategy for managing Green Open Space is to develop detailed spatial plans, install information boards, enforce laws, and implement incentives disincentives to relevant stakeholders

Budget constraints are a common problem in Indonesian cities to provide attractive and attractive public open space. There is a need for cooperation between all parties, not only the government but also the private sector and society. These conditions encourage the Semarang City government to increase stakeholder collaboration in the provision of public green open space, one of which is in the development of Taman Indonesia Kaya. The purpose of this study is to examine the model of the collaboration process, the involvement and role of each stakeholder and the sustainability of collaboration. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, data collection using observations and interviews on each stakeholder element, namely government, private and public. The results show that the collaboration process model starts from face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding between stakeholders until the realization of attractive and attractive public green open space development. However, the sustainability of collaboration is a big challenge going forward. The structure of cooperation is not yet supported by clear institutional design, so that government courage and innovation are needed to determine the form of structural governance in collaborative management of public green open space. Collaboration should be carried out over the long term and use a networked administrative organization model so that the network that is built is in an administrative entity. The model is expected to create efficiency management and support the sustainability of collaboration.

Green open space has three basic functions, among others, to function socially, namely as a facility for the public with the functions of recreation, education and sports, as well as establishing communication between city residents; to function physically, namely as the lungs of the city, protecting the water system, soundproofing, fulfilling visual needs, restraining the development of built-up land/as a buffer, and protecting city residents from air pollution; and functions as an aesthetic that is a binder between building elements in the city, a giver of characteristics in shaping the face of the city, and an element in the arrangement of urban architecture. Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, it is explained that the spatial planning of the city area must include a plan for the provision and utilization of green open space which covers at least 30% of the city area consisting of 20% public green open space and 10% consisting of private green open space. . But in reality, there are still many big cities that are not difficult to achieve the provisions of the law. This research will identify green open space in Makassar City by utilizing satellite image data and then presenting the green open space in the form of spatial information into a Web GIS so that it can be easily accessed openly. Based on the results of the analysis, the percentage of open green space in Makassar reached 9.08%, consisting of private green open space of 4.07% and public green open space of 5.01%.

This study aims to identify and explain the implementation of public green open space in Bireuen Regency, the obstacles experienced and efforts to resolve the arrangement of public green open space in Bireuen Regency. In Qanun Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Regional Spatial Planning of Bireuen Regency, it is mandatory that the provision of public green open space in an ideal urban area is 20% (percent) of the area. However, until now, the provision of public green open space in Bireuen Regency has only been realized 5.3% (percent) of the area. This study uses an empirical/sociological juridical method with a sociological juridical approach which is analyzed descriptively. Sources of data used are primary data in the form of interviews with respondents and informants as well as secondary data sources derived from library studies. Based on the results of the study, it is known that in implementing public green open spaces in Bireuen Regency. The local government has the authority in the form of Planning, Utilization of Space and Control of Space Utilization. Then the obstacles experienced in structuring public green open spaces in Bireuen Regency are the absence of a detailed spatial plan (RDTR) and lack of community participation. Efforts that have been made by the local government in structuring public green open spaces in Bireuen Regency are by developing a Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR), Providing Socialization and Increasing Community Participation. Keywords: Implementation, Spatial Planning, Public Green Open Space.

Bekasi as part of the supporting area of the capital city of Jakarta, or known as Jabodetabek, has a total area of 210 square kilometers with a population of 2.7 million people, currently has a green open space as much as 15% of the city area. In accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 5 of 2008 on the provision and utilization of green open space in urban areas, every city must have 30% green open space. As for the allocation of 30% of green open space, its 20 5 is a public green open space and 10% is a private, green open space. Currently centered around Bekasi city there are 2 (two) green open spaces, one of which is the square Taman Kota Bekasi and the city forest of Bekasi. Both open spaces are public spaces with different activities. To know the activities of the Community conducted in the green open space in the central city of Bekasi, the research will be conducted by the way of combating activities that occur in the public space. Research using qualitative methods with a comparison approach. As for the comparison is done by looking at the activities that occur every day with an observation time before 12 noon and after 12 noon. Primary data is obtained through direct observation, while secondary data relating to theory is obtained through library studies. The conclusion is a description that can be used as reference for green open space arrangement.