Abstract
Potato, one of the most important food crops in the world, is susceptible to viruses, which reduce its yield and production efficiency. The resistance of potatoes to viral infection is an essential factor in the preservation of the variety’s productive qualities. In addition, there are several ways of selection for recovering and obtaining the initial seed material that is free from viruses for further reproduction in the seed growing of potatoes. It should be noted that in the literature the issues of medium-late potato varieties resistance to viral diseases in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are not fully covered, which has become the subject of our research. In our studies we used the material obtained by the method of improving selections, as well as using thermotherapy and apical meristem culture. Over the years of reproduction both meristematic and seed material from improving selections, the virus infestation in plants wasn’t changed significantly, provided that all seed growing events were observed. It has been proven that the yield of super-super-elite of Lybid variety is not significantly changed depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has higher yield in the plantations formed by clonal propagation. It has been established that the yield of variety Lybid super-elite varies, but not significantly, depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has a higher super-elite yield when using the initial material from clonal propagation in breeding nurseries with use of improved selections. Significant influence on the manifestation of the sign, both in the cultivation of super-super-elites and super-elites, has the weather conditions of the year and the biological characteristics of the variety. In 2017, the highest yield of tubers was obtained at Gorlitsa – 3.74·104 kg ha-1, at Lybid the lower yield was 2.43·104 kg ha-1. In 2018, the highest yield of tubers was formed by Lybid variety – 3.50·104 kg ha-1, and the lowest was byt Gorlitsa variety – 2.56·104 kg ha-1.
Highlights
Potato is the most important agricultural crop, which has high adaptability, plasticity and potential productivity
The analysis of literature indicates a multifactorial dependence of the potato productivity and the purpose of the work is to study the presence of a viral infection in the seed material in the process of reproducing various forms of initial material and to establish its productive and seed qualities depending on the recovery method and the variety
Varieties that were used for research on plantings with meristem material had less plants affected by viral diseases, compared to plantations with material from improved selection where breeding material was propagated (Figure 1)
Summary
Potato is the most important agricultural crop, which has high adaptability, plasticity and potential productivity. The use of improving selections requires consideration of the various factors influence in order to obtain positive results The study of these factors focuses on the establishment of tuber offspring productive indicators, such components as the genotype of the variety and improved seed material by the culture method of the apical meristem, as well as its further use in the original seed production, are not well understood. Clonal micropropagation provides a disease-free initial material in sufficient quantities for the needs of the primary seed production units They use both laboratory methods (micropropagation in vitro) and methods of accelerated propagation of virus-free plants, mainly for the production of mini-tubers in cultivation structures or in the field. The analysis of literature indicates a multifactorial dependence of the potato productivity and the purpose of the work is to study the presence of a viral infection in the seed material in the process of reproducing various forms of initial material and to establish its productive and seed qualities depending on the recovery method and the variety
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