Abstract
The material for this study consisted of stratified seeds of Vitis californica submitted to germination under optimum conditions (+25 °C) or under chill stress (+10 °C), also followed by recovery. It has been determined that the germinating seeds contain considerable amounts of tannins, catechins as well as phenolic acids such as gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids. Gallic acid appeared in the highest amount in the germinating seeds (from 42.40–204.00 µg/g of fresh weight (FW)), followed by caffeic acid (from 6.62–20.13 µg/g FW), p-coumaric acid (from 2.59–5.41 µg/g FW), and ferulic acid (from 0.56–0.92 µg/g FW). The phenolic acids occurred mostly in the ester form. Under chill stress, the germinating seeds were determined to contain an elevated total amount of phenolics, as well as raised levels of condensed tannins, catechins, gallic acid, and gafeic acid. The levels of p-coumoric and ferulic acids were found to have decreased. In extracts isolated from a sample exposed to low temperature, increased antioxidant activity and reduction potential were also demonstrated. Tissue of the germinating seeds which underwent post-stress recovery was found to have less total phenolics.
Highlights
Plants growing under natural conditions are constantly exposed to a variety of stress factors
In seeds submitted to post-stress recovery, the content of total phenolics in germinating seeds declined to 2.50 mg/g FW
It has been observed that all the tested extracts from V. californica seeds were capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical, but extracts from seeds which germinated under chill stress were more powerful scavengers than extracts from seeds germinating under optimum conditions or the ones submitted to post-stress recovery
Summary
Plants growing under natural conditions are constantly exposed to a variety of stress factors. Repair antioxidative systems have developed in aerobic organisms during evolution, as an adaptation to the threat posed by ROS These are mainly enzymatic systems, including superoxide dismutase (DOS), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as non-enzymatic mechanisms [5]. The major aim of the study has been to analyse quantities and composition of phenolic compounds as well as properties of antioxidants in seeds of Vitis californica germinating under chill stress. Another question examined was the effect of post-stress recovery on changes in the secondary metabolism of germinating seeds of Vitis californica
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