Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the preservation effectiveness of selected antistaling agents on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) status and the alteration of phenolic acids during their storage. Ascorbic acid (AA), benzoic acid (BA), sodium hydrogen sulfite (SHS), BA+ AA and SHS+ AA were identified as effective to keep lotus seeds fresh with the order of SHS+ AA > BA+ AA > AA > SHS > BA in terms of general performance on not-browning degree, microorganism contamination status, sensory evaluation, and the protection of polyphenols against being oxidized. The polyphenols determined by HPLC and HPLC-MS in lotus seeds were mainly gallic, chlorogenic, gentisic, caffeic, cinnamic, p-coumaric, ferulic, rosmarinic, and salicylic acids. Chlorogenic, gentisic, and caffeic acids were the main phenolic acids correlated with oxidative browning. SHS+ AA was found on inhibiting chlorogenic acid oxidized (p < 0.05) as well as SHS or AA did. BA+ AA also had protective effect on all these three phenolics. The increment of gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acids at the beginning of storage, which was from the hydrolyzation of glycosides promoted by BA, had accordance with the deteriorate sensory of lotus seeds and led to worse anti-browning effect. Gallic acid was found to be relevant to the degree of microorganism contamination. The stronger antibacterial capacity antistaling agents had, the later regeneration of gallic acid appeared. In conclusion, the selected antistaling agents had different preservation effectiveness, which would synchronously indicate alteration of relevant phenolic acids profiles of lotus seed during storage.
Highlights
IntroductionA member of the family Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, is native to China but all parts of it, such as seeds, rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and stamens are consumed worldwide.[1,2] Especially, Lotus seeds was widely used for many medical purposes, such as sedative, diuretic, tonic, antiemetic, and hemostatics[3], and an excellent material of health-care food for its abundance in proteins, amino acids, active polysaccharides, and various kinds of minerals and so on.[4] What’s more, lotus seeds even might be applied as a potential drug to resist hyperplasia and kidney cancer.[5]
Lotus, a member of the family Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, is native to China but all parts of it, such as seeds, rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and stamens are consumed worldwide.[1,2] Especially, Lotus seeds was widely used for many medical purposes, such as sedative, diuretic, tonic, antiemetic, and hemostatics[3], and an excellent material of health-care food for its abundance in proteins, amino acids, active polysaccharides, and various kinds of minerals and so on.[4]
Learning from previous reports[20,21,22,23] that polyphenol could promote the oxidative browning and the degree of the oxidative browning depends on the polyphenol concentration, it could be deduced that the browning of lotus seeds was contributed by phenolic acids oxidation under the action of polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
Summary
A member of the family Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, is native to China but all parts of it, such as seeds, rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and stamens are consumed worldwide.[1,2] Especially, Lotus seeds was widely used for many medical purposes, such as sedative, diuretic, tonic, antiemetic, and hemostatics[3], and an excellent material of health-care food for its abundance in proteins, amino acids, active polysaccharides, and various kinds of minerals and so on.[4] What’s more, lotus seeds even might be applied as a potential drug to resist hyperplasia and kidney cancer.[5]. The development of fresh-keeping technologies of fresh lotus seeds is crucial but there are rare relevant studies
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