Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of the ocean wave in Indonesian Seas particularly in western Indonesian Seas is crucial to establish secured marine activities in addition to construct well-built marine infrastructures. Three-years-data (July 1996 - 1999) simulated from Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model were used to analyze the ocean wave characteristics and variabilities in eastern Indian Ocean, Java Sea, and South China Sea. The interannual or seasonal variability of the significant wave height is affected by the alteration of wind speed and direction. Interactions between Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and monsoon result in interannual ocean wave variability in the study areas. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) analysis produces 6 modes represents 95% of total variance that influence the wave height variability in the entire model domain. Mode 1 was dominated by annual monsoon and has spatial dominant contribution in South China Sea effected by ENSO and Indian Ocean influenced by IODM. Java Sea was influenced by Mode 2 which is controlled by semi-annual monsoon and IODM. A positive (negative) IODM strengthens (weakens) the winds speed in Java Sea during the East (West) season and hence contributes to Mode 2 in increasing (decreasing) the significant wave in Java Sea.
Highlights
Various activities on seas, either for sea transportation activities, fisheries, marine resources exploration, and development in marine sector are very sensitive to weather and sea condition changes
This study addresses two main issues: (1) how the dominant variability pattern can influence the variability of the wave, (2) how it interacts with the interannual phenomenon of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM)
The seafloor indicated by significant depth as found in the South China Sea (SCS) causes significant wave heights in the area to be relatively smaller as the wave energy is dissipated by increasingly larger friction and steep bathymetry changes can cause breaks
Summary
Either for sea transportation activities, fisheries, marine resources exploration, and development in marine sector are very sensitive to weather and sea condition changes. One that greatly influences marine activities is wave, and in the marine meteorological services, in addition to wind information, wave information is the most important part that should exist in every kind of marine weather information [1]. The wave conditions in the waters are strongly influenced by wind variability as the dominant force of ocean waves [2]. The monsoon interacts with an interannual phenomenon such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM); affects regional and local wind circulation patterns in Indonesian waters [3]. Characteristics of waves and the influence of interannual phenomenon such as ENSO and IODM to wave variability in the waters can be determined from long-term wave measurements. The wave hindcasting data using model is can be used as an alternative data
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