Abstract
This paper presents the optimization performance of non-uniform linear antenna array with optimized inter-element spacing and excitation amplitude using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The aim of the proposed algorithm is to obtain the optimum values for inter-element spacing and excitation amplitude for a linear antenna array in a give n radiation pattern with suppressed Side Lobe Level (SLL), minimum Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW), improved directivity and placement of nulls in the desired direction. A vari ety of design examples are considered and the obtained results using PSO are validated by benchmarking with results obtained using other nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms such as the Real-coded Genetic Algorithm (RGA) and the Biogeographic Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm. The comparative results are show n that optimization of linear antenna array using the PSO provides considerable enhancement in the SLL, the HPBW, the directivity and the null control in the desired direction.
Highlights
An antenna array is a combination of two or more antenna elements that can be placed in a specific geometry
The linear antenna array parameters generally involve inter-element spacing, excitation amplitude, and number of elements, which directly influences its effect on array factor (AF)
To obtain the optimum values of inter-element spacing, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been employed with equal excitation amplitude ai = 1 and excitation phase φi = 90° by using the fitness function f associated with the Side Lobe Level (SLL) and Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW)
Summary
An antenna array is a combination of two or more antenna elements that can be placed in a specific geometry. The composite differential evaluation (CoDE) algorithm applied to optimize inter-element spacing, between two consecutive elements to minimize the SLL and to place nulls in the desired direction [8,9]. The presented technique had been utilized multi-objective functions to optimize inter-elements spacing, excitation currents, and excitation phases as well as minimized SLL and HPBW. Real-coded genetic (RCG) was employed for time modulating linear antenna array to impose nulls in the desired direction by optimizing spacing and excitation amplitude. One fitness function is defined to place nulls in the desired direction by optimizing excitation amplitude, another one is provided a pattern of minimized SLL and HPBW.
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