Abstract
Pattern synthesis is a significant research focus in smart antennas due to its extensive use in several radar and communication systems. To improve the optimization performance of pattern synthesis of uniform and sparse linear antenna array, this paper presents an optimization method for solving the antenna array synthesis problem using the Mayfly Algorithm (MA). MA is a new heuristic algorithm inspired by the flight behavior as well as the mating process of mayflies, it has a unique velocity update system with great convergence. In this work, the MA was applied to linear antenna arrays (LAA) for optimal pattern synthesis in the following ways: by optimizing the antenna current amplitudes while maintaining uniform spacing and by optimizing the antenna positions while assuming a uniform excitation. Constraints of inter-element spacing and aperture length are imposed in the synthesis of sparse LAA. Sidelobe level (SLL) suppression with the placement of nulls in the specified directions is also implemented. The results gotten from this novel algorithm are validated by benchmarking with results obtained using other intelligent algorithms. In the synthesis of uniform 20-element LAA with nulls, MA achieved an SLL of -31.27 dB and the deepest null of -101.60 dB. Also, for sparse 20-element LAA, an SLL of -18.85 dB was attained alongside the deepest null of -87.37 dB. MA obtained an SLL of -35.73 dB and -23.68 dB for the synthesis of uniform and sparse 32-element LAA respectively. Finally, electromagnetism simulations are conducted using ANSYS Electromagnetics (HFSS) software, to evaluate the performance of MA for the beam pattern optimizations, taking into consideration the mutual coupling effects. The results prove that optimization of LAA using MA provides considerable enhancements in peak SLL suppression, null control, and convergence rate with respect to the uniform array and the synthesis obtained from other existing optimization techniques.
Highlights
Antennas have been one of the major indispensable entities in the field of wireless communication; been widely used in radar systems, signal processing, telecommunication, and lots more
Worst cost, average cost, standard deviations, and average execution time of peak sidelobe level (SLL) obtained by different algorithms for unequally spaced 10-element linear antenna arrays (LAA)
This paper proposes a novel optimization method based on the Mayfly algorithm (MA) for the synthesis of and unequally spaced linear array antenna
Summary
Antennas have been one of the major indispensable entities in the field of wireless communication; been widely used in radar systems, signal processing, telecommunication, and lots more In this era of building a smart world, smart antennas known as adaptive array antennas have been a trending focus of most technologically-based sectors due to their advantage of providing high gains and spectral efficiency [1]. Deep nulls are challenging to achieve while suppressing the SLL of an antenna array This often leads to a non-linear optimization problem that has many local minima [7]. The major contributions of this paper are stated as follows: (1) We formulated four different optimization problems for the suppression of the peak SLL of linear antenna arrays (LAAs) and propose the objective functions to this effect.
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