Analysis of intervarietal soybean hybrids at the initial breeding stages

Abstract

The results of the study of recombinant soybean hybrids in terms of the degree of heterosis effect, phenotypic dominance and transgressive variability in economically valuable traits with the subsequent selection of the most promising hybrid combinations are presented. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 in the laboratory of soybean breeding in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Primorsky Territory. Of the ten hybrid combinations obtained, the maximum effect of heterosis in the first generation was observed in the combinations Primorskaya 1385 × Kofu, Primorskaya 1385 × Dong nong 690, Hei He 38 × Taifun. Phenotypic overdominance of inheritance of indicators (from 1.6 to 76.7) was recorded in all hybrids. Transgressive variability of intervarietal soybean hybrids in the second and third generations varied by combination and generation. High values of the degree of transgression in the third generation were observed in the combinations Primorskaya 1385 × Kofu and Hei He 38 × Talppod-Fisk, in terms of the number of seeds per plant – Primorskaya 1385 × Taifun and Kofu × Taifun, in terms of seed weight per plant – Dong nong 690 × Taifun and Hei He 38 × Taifun. A decrease in the frequency of transgression of hybrids by the third generation was found. The highest values of the degree and frequency of transgression in plant height were observed in the hybrid combinations Hei He 38 × Taifun and Hei He 38 × Talppod-Fisk. Based on the results of the study of the promising soybean genotypes, recombinant hybrids with high productivity and 1000-seed weight in the combinations Kyoto × Dong nong 690 and Monsoon × Taifun were isolated. The hybrids tested had different ripeness groups. Not always the manifestation of high effect of heterosis and transgressive variability in the first – third generations serves as a guarantee of further obtaining samples with high economically valuable indicators.